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Biomass is the total mass of organisms in a given area or volume, which is an indicator of the amount of 'living matter'.

Primary succession is the process of creating life in an area where no life previously existed, such as on bare rock, and this entirely new ecosystem gradually develops over time.

A biome is a large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region defined by its climate and vegetation.

An ecological footprint is a measure of the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.

Carrying capacity is the maximum population size of a biological species that an environment can sustain indefinitely without significant environmental degradation.

A limiting factor is an environmental factor that restricts the growth, abundance, or distribution of an organism or a population of organisms in an ecosystem.

An autotroph is an organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances using light (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (chemosynthesis).

An abiotic factor is a non-living chemical or physical element in the environment, such as sunlight, temperature, wind, water, or soil pH.

A heterotroph is an organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is therefore dependent on consuming other organisms for nutrition.

Symbiosis is a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, which may be mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.

Mutation is a change in the DNA sequence within a gene or chromosome of an organism resulting in the creation of a new character or trait not found in the parental type.

A population is a group of individuals belonging to the same species that live in the same region at the same time.

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system.

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem, including the number of different species and genetic variation within species.

An ecological niche refers to the role and position a species has in its environment, how it meets its needs for food and shelter, and how it survives and reproduces.

The greenhouse effect is a natural process by which the atmosphere retains some of the Sun's heat, allowing the Earth to maintain the necessary conditions to support life.

A biotic factor is any living component that affects another organism, including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.

Succession is the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time due to established species being replaced by new ones.

A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2).

A food web is a more complex network of food chains that exist within an ecosystem, showing how different chains are connected.

A keystone species is a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

An invasive species is a non-native organism that spreads extensively in a new habitat, causing harm to the environment, human economy, or human health.

Climate change is the significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years.

A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.

Secondary succession is the process of recovery and change in an area that was partially damaged or destroyed but where soil and organisms still exist.

Ecological resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a disturbance or stress by resisting damage and recovering quickly.

A habitat is the natural environment in which an organism lives, including all living and nonliving factors that affect it.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water, producing oxygen as a byproduct.

A predator-prey relationship is an interaction between two species where one species, the predator, hunts and kills the other, the prey, for food.