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The central vacuole is a large, water-filled organelle that provides structural support, stores nutrients and waste products, and helps in plant growth.

The nucleolus is involved in the production and assembly of ribosome components within the nucleus.

The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, providing energy through ATP by the process of cellular respiration.

The cytoskeleton provides structural support for the cell, aids in cell division, and facilitates cell movement and intracellular transport.

The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis by reading mRNA and linking together amino acids.

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.

Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton and help in maintaining cell shape, cell division, and intracellular transport of organelles and vesicles.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes for breaking down cellular waste and debris.

Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy stored as glucose.

Transport vesicles move molecules between different locations inside the cell, such as between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs and poisons, and stores calcium ions.

Endocytosis is the process by which the cell takes in materials by engulfing them in a section of the plasma membrane that pinches off to form an internal vesicle.

Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows, performs its functions, duplicates DNA, and prepares for division.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis, modification, and transport.

The nucleoplasm is the semi-fluid substance within the nucleus, providing a medium for the suspension of nuclear structures like nucleotides and enzymes.

The extracellular matrix is a network of proteins and carbohydrates outside the cell that provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

A centrosome is an organelle near the nucleus in animal cells that contains centrioles and serves as a microtubule-organizing center during cell division.

Peroxisomes are organelles that contain enzymes for breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances.

Plasmodesmata are channels that traverse the cell walls of plant cells, allowing transport and communication between neighboring cells.

Cell junctions are structures that connect cells to each other, facilitating communication and creating tissue stability by providing a seal or a mechanical linkage.

The cell wall is a rigid layer outside the plasma membrane that provides protection, structural support, and shape to plant cells.

Actin filaments, also known as microfilaments, are part of the cytoskeleton and play a role in cell movement, shape, and division.

ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, serves as the main energy currency of the cell, powering various cellular processes by releasing energy when it's converted to ADP.

Gap junctions are specialized intercellular connections that allow for direct chemical and electrical signaling between cells by forming channels.

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into ATP, releasing energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose.

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Autophagy is the process by which cells degrade and recycle their own components through the formation of autophagosomes that fuse with lysosomes.