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Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates with hair or fur and females that produce milk for their young using mammary glands.

Birds are characterized by feathers, a beak without teeth, and the laying of hard-shelled eggs. They are also warm-blooded and most species are capable of flight.

Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates that begin life in water with gills and undergo metamorphosis to develop lungs for breathing air.

Reptiles are cold-blooded vertebrates with scaly skin. They typically lay soft-shelled eggs on land.

Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates living in water, with gills for breathing and usually having scales covering their bodies.

Invertebrates do not have a backbone, while vertebrates do. Over 90% of all animal species are invertebrates.

Arthropods are invertebrates with an exoskeleton, segmented body, and jointed appendages. Examples include insects, arachnids, and crustaceans.

Insects are arthropods with a three-part body (head, thorax, abdomen), three pairs of legs, compound eyes, and one pair of antennae.

Aves is the class of animals comprising all birds, with characteristics like feathers, beaks, and a high metabolic rate.

Marine mammals like whales and seals have adaptations for aquatic life, including blubber for insulation and modified limbs for swimming.

Sponges are simple invertebrates with porous bodies and a lack of true tissues and organs. They primarily filter feed.

Cnidarians include jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones, characterized by radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity, and cnidocytes for capturing prey.

Echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, have radial symmetry, a calcareous endoskeleton, and tube feet for locomotion.

Annelids or segmented worms have a body made up of repeating segments, a true coelom, and include earthworms and leeches.

Mollusks have a soft body with a muscular foot and mantle. Many have a calcium carbonate shell, and they include snails, clams, and squids.

Flatworms are unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates with bilateral symmetry and a central nervous system; they can be free-living or parasitic.

Chordates possess a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail at some point in their lives.

Nematodes, or roundworms, have a cylindrical body that is tapered at the ends, a digestive system with two openings, and a pseudocoelom.

Class Mammalia includes humans, characterized by hair or fur, three middle ear bones, and the production of milk by mammary glands.

Sponges reproduce both sexually, by releasing gametes into the water, and asexually, by budding or fragmentation.

Monotremes are egg-laying mammals, such as the platypus and echidnas, with a cloaca and lactation without defined nipples.

Marsupials are mammals that give birth to partially developed young that typically complete development in a pouch containing mammary glands, such as kangaroos and koalas.

Primates have a large brain relative to body size, binocular vision, flexible hands and feet, and complex social behaviors.

Rodents, like mice and beavers, have continuously growing incisors which they use for gnawing, and lack canine teeth.

Carnivores have specialized teeth for capturing and eating other animals, prominent canine teeth, and tend to be meat-eaters, like lions and bears.

Artiodactyls, or even-toed ungulates, have weight borne equally by the third and fourth toes. Examples include deer, cattle, and pigs.

Perissodactyls are odd-toed ungulates with a majority of weight on the third toe, including horses, rhinos, and tapirs.

Cetaceans, which include whales, dolphins, and porpoises, are fully aquatic mammals with a streamlined body shape and a blowhole for breathing.

The Squamata order includes lizards and snakes, which have scales and shed their skin periodically.

Testudines, such as turtles and tortoises, are reptiles with a bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs.

Members of the Crocodilia family, which includes crocodiles, alligators, and caimans, possess a protective armored skin and a powerful bite.

The Anura order consists of frogs and toads, which have a short body, no tail, and long hind limbs adapted for leaping.

The Caudata order, comprising salamanders and newts, is characterized by elongated bodies, tails, and moist, glandular skin.

Gymnophiona, or caecilians, are legless amphibians with a worm-like appearance and live in burrowing and aquatic habitats.

Actinopterygii, or ray-finned fishes, make up the majority of fish species and are characterized by their fins supported by bony or cartilaginous spines.

Sarcopterygii, or lobe-finned fishes, possess fleshy pectoral and pelvic fins and include the coelacanths and lungfishes.

Chondrichthyes includes sharks, rays, and skates and is distinguished by a cartilaginous skeleton and the absence of swim bladders.

Arachnids, such as spiders, scorpions, and ticks, have two body segments, four pairs of legs, and no antennae or wings.

Diplopoda, commonly known as millipedes, are characterized by their elongated bodies with two pairs of legs per body segment.

Chilopoda, known as centipedes, have flat, segmented bodies with one pair of legs per segment and are carnivorous.

Crustaceans, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimp, have a hard exoskeleton, two pairs of antennae, and variously adapted appendages.

Ecdysozoa is a phylum of molting animals that shed their exoskeleton for growth, including arthropods, nematodes, and other similar phyla.

Sponges, or Porifera, generally have asymmetric bodies or are radially symmetrical, with no clear left or right sides.

Bilateral symmetry offers advantages in movement and sensory perception, often associated with cephalization and increased mobility.

Detritivores, like earthworms and millipedes, consume decomposing organic matter, contributing to nutrient cycling and soil formation.

Predators hunt and consume other organisms, while their prey serve as their food source, influencing population dynamics and evolution.