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Canine hearts have four chambers and function similarly to human hearts in pumping blood throughout the body.

The avian gizzard is a muscular part of the stomach that grinds up food, often aided by ingested stones.

The rumen is the largest stomach chamber in ruminants, where microbial fermentation of ingested feed occurs.

Canines have a highly developed olfactory system with around 300 million olfactory receptors.

The hoof is a layered structure enclosing the terminal phalanges of equine digits, with a tough outer horny wall and a shock-absorbing sole.

Jacobson's organ, or the vomeronasal organ, helps felines detect pheromones and other chemicals, playing a key role in communication and mating behavior.

Amphibian skin is highly permeable, allowing for cutaneous respiration and moisture absorption, but also making them susceptible to environmental toxins.

Reptiles are ectothermic and regulate their body temperature through behavioral mechanisms, such as basking or seeking shade.

Many avian bones are hollow and connected to the respiratory system, aiding in reducing weight for flight.

The swim bladder in fish helps maintain buoyancy allowing them to stay at the current water depth without expending energy.

Pigs have a monogastric digestive system that is omnivorous and requires a mixture of plant and animal food for optimal nutrition.

Blubber in marine mammals serves as insulation against cold, an energy reserve, and contributes to buoyancy.

The crop is a dilation of the esophagus in birds like chickens, where food can be stored and sometimes fermented before digestion.

Insect exoskeletons are composed of chitin and provide support, protection from physical and chemical harm, and prevent desiccation.

The lateral line in sharks detects water movements and pressure changes, aiding in navigation and hunting.

Mammary glands in mammals produce milk to nourish newborns, which contains antibodies, nutrients, and energy.

In dogs, the dewclaw is a vestigial digit on the inside of the paw, comparable to a human thumb, though it is not as functional.

The nuchal ligament in horses helps to support the head and neck, and it extends from the skull to the withers (shoulder area).

Feline retractable claws remain sharp by being retracted when not in use, extending outward when needed for gripping or defense.

The syrinx is the voice box located at the base of a bird's trachea that allows for varied and complex vocalizations.

The tympanic membrane in frogs is used for hearing and is visible as a circular patch of skin directly behind the eyes.

The tapetum lucidum enhances night vision in dogs by reflecting light back through the retina, increasing light availability.

Ossicones are paired, skin-covered bony structures on the heads of giraffes used for thermoregulation and display behaviors.

An elephant's trunk is a multi-functional organ used for breathing, olfaction, touching, grasping, and sound production, consisting of numerous muscles.

The ampullae of Lorenzini are special sensing organs in sharks that detect electric fields and temperature changes in the water.

The blowhole in cetaceans is a specialized nasal opening for respiration, located on the top of the head, which allows for efficient breathing at the water's surface.

Crocodilian hearts have four chambers with a specialized valve that allows them to bypass the lungs when underwater.

Birds have various feather types, including flight feathers for flying, down feathers for insulation, and contour feathers for aerodynamics and protection.

Bats emit high-frequency sounds that bounce off objects and return as echoes, allowing them to navigate and hunt in the dark.