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In orchid mycorrhiza, fungi colonize the roots of orchids and assist in the uptake of nutrients from the soil. This association is crucial for the germination and growth of orchid seeds, which are extremely small and lack stored nutrients.

This rare type of mycorrhiza exhibits characteristics of both AM and ECM associations. The fungi form a Hartig net and also penetrate root cells. Benefits are a combination of those provided by AM and ECM associations.

AM association involves fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota, penetrating plant root cortical cells, forming arbuscules. Benefits to plants include improved phosphorus uptake, enhanced water absorption, and increased disease resistance.

ECM association involves fungi that form a sheath around the root tips and a Hartig net, without penetrating cell membranes. Benefits include improved uptake of nutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and minerals.