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Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, which converts light energy into chemical energy stored as glucose.

The nucleus acts as the control center of the cell, housing the cell's DNA and coordinating activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through the process of cellular respiration.

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.

The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER), as well as detoxification.

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, translating encoded messages from messenger RNA into proteins.

The cell wall provides structural support and protection, and also gives the cell its shape.

Vacuoles store nutrients, waste products, and maintain turgor pressure in plant cells, contributing to the plant's structural support.

Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and amino acids through oxidative reactions, and also help detoxify poisons.