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Photosynthesis Steps
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Step 5: Carbon Fixation
The ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions are used in the Calvin Cycle to fix carbon dioxide into glucose.
Step 1: Light Absorption
Chlorophyll and other pigments in the chloroplast absorb light, mostly in the blue and red spectrum, initiating the process.
Step 2: Water Splitting
Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll splits water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons.
Step 3: Electron Transport Chain
High-energy electrons are transferred through a series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane, releasing energy.
Step 4: ATP Formation
The proton gradient powers ATP synthase, an enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Step 6: Glucose Production
After several turns of the Calvin Cycle, the assimilated carbon molecules are used to form glucose and other sugars.
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