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Bioactive Materials

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Alginate

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Composition: Polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed. Biological Interaction: Gel formation in the presence of divalent cations (like Ca2+). Clinical Use: Wound dressings, drug delivery, dental impressions.

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Collagen

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Composition: Triple helix structure consisting of Gly-X-Y repeat where X and Y are often proline and hydroxyproline. Biological Interaction: Promotes cell attachment and differentiation. Clinical Use: Wound dressings, tissue engineering, cosmetic surgery.

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Bioactive ceramics

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Composition: Various, including calcium phosphates and bioglasses. Biological Interaction: Can bond with bone and tissues, osteoconductive. Clinical Use: Bone grafts, prosthetic coatings, dental implants.

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Chitosan

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Composition: Derived from chitin by deacetylation, a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans. Biological Interaction: Anti-bacterial, biodegradable, hemostatic. Clinical Use: Wound healing, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering.

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Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)

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Composition: Copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid. Biological Interaction: Biodegradable, bioabsorbable. Clinical Use: Drug delivery systems, sutures, tissue engineering scaffolds.

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Silk fibroin

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Composition: Natural protein fiber from the Bombyx mori silkworm. Biological Interaction: Biocompatible, slow degradation. Clinical Use: Sutures, tissue engineering, biomedical devices.

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)

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Composition: Polyesters produced in nature by bacterial fermentation of sugar or lipids. Biological Interaction: Biodegradable, non-toxic. Clinical Use: Biodegradable plastics, medical implants, tissue engineering scaffolds.

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Bioglass

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Composition: SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 Glass. Biological Interaction: Bonds with bone and soft tissues, releases ionic products that stimulate osteogenesis. Clinical Use: Bone grafts, dental applications, implants.

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Calcium sulfate

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Composition: CaSO4. Biological Interaction: Osteoconductive, can be reabsorbed by the body. Clinical Use: Bone graft substitute, bone defect filler, drug delivery.

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Hydroxyapatite

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Composition: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Biological Interaction: Similar to mineral component of bone, osteoconductive. Clinical Use: Bone grafts, coatings for metallic implants, tooth repair.

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