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Biodegradable Polymers

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Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH)

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Components: Vinyl alcohol monomers, Degradation Time: Few weeks to several months, Environmental Impact: Water-soluble and biodegradable, lesser environmental impact than many synthetics.

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)

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Components: Monomers produced by microbial fermentation, Degradation Time: Few months to several years, Environmental Impact: Biodegradable and non-toxic, but production can be resource-intensive.

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Polycaprolactone (PCL)

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Components: Caprolactone monomers, Degradation Time: 1-2 years, Environmental Impact: Biocompatible but slow to degrade in natural environments.

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Polylactic Acid (PLA)

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Components: Lactic acid monomers, Degradation Time: 6 months to 2 years, Environmental Impact: Biodegradable under industrial composting, limited degradability in cooler environments.

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Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT)

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Components: Butylene adipate and butylene terephthalate monomers, Degradation Time: 6 months to 2 years, Environmental Impact: Fully biodegradable under composting conditions, often used in blends.

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Starch-based Bioplastics

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Components: Starch blended with other biodegradable materials, Degradation Time: Few months, Environmental Impact: Biodegradable, low environmental impact when properly composted.

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Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

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Components: Ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, Degradation Time: Hundreds of years, Environmental Impact: Non-biodegradable, significant contributor to plastic pollution.

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Polybutylene Succinate (PBS)

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Components: Butylene succinate monomers, Degradation Time: 6 months to 2 years, Environmental Impact: Biodegradable under composting conditions, less impact than conventional plastics.

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Polyglycolic Acid (PGA)

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Components: Glycolic acid monomers, Degradation Time: Few weeks to 6 months, Environmental Impact: Biodegradable, often used in medical applications due to its absorbability.

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Chitosan

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Components: Deacetylated chitin from crustacean shells, Degradation Time: Few weeks to several months, Environmental Impact: Biodegradable, non-toxic, promotes soil health.

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Polyglycolide-co-lactide (PLGA)

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Components: Glycolide and lactide copolymers, Degradation Time: 1 month to 2 years, depending on composition, Environmental Impact: Biodegradable with minimal toxicity, used primarily in medical applications.

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Polymethylhydrogensiloxane (PMHS)

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Components: Methylhydrogensiloxane monomers, Degradation Time: Variable, catalyzed by light, heat, and moisture, Environmental Impact: Degradable silicone-based polymer, lesser known in environmental context.

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Cellulose Acetate

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Components: Cellulose from wood or cotton and acetic anhydride, Degradation Time: 6 months to 2 years, typically, Environmental Impact: Biodegradable but rate is slow compared to other polymers, also dependent on acetylation level.

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Polyethylene Furanoate (PEF)

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Components: Ethylene glycol and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, Degradation Time: Expected to be similar to PET, Environmental Impact: Biobased alternative to PET, potentially more sustainable.

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Polycarbonate (PC)

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Components: Bisphenol A and phosgene, Degradation Time: Hundreds of years, Environmental Impact: Non-biodegradable and potential endocrine disruptor due to BPA.

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