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Process Description: Uses a chemical reaction between aluminum powder and metal oxides to create welds. Metals Joined: Thick sections of steel or iron. Typical Use: Railroad track repairs, heavy casting repairs

Process Description: Similar to GMAW but uses wire with a flux core. Metals Joined: Carbon steel, stainless steel, low-alloy steels. Typical Use: Construction, shipbuilding

Process Description: Uses a beam of high-velocity electrons to join materials. Metals Joined: Most metals, including dissimilar materials. Typical Use: Aerospace, automotive, nuclear applications

Process Description: Joins metal sheets by applying pressure and passing current through the metal. Metals Joined: Steel, nickel alloys, titanium. Typical Use: Automotive assembly, electronics

Process Description: Uses a consumable electrode and a blanket of granular fusible flux. Metals Joined: Carbon steels, stainless steels, some high nickel alloys. Typical Use: Pressure vessels, pipe welding

Process Description: Uses a laser to join pieces of metal. Metals Joined: Carbon steels, stainless steel, aluminum. Typical Use: Automotive, electronics

Process Description: A variation of spot welding where electrodes are wheel-shaped and form a rolling continuous weld. Metals Joined: Steel, aluminum. Typical Use: Ductwork, tube joining, automotive fuel tanks

Process Description: Uses high-frequency ultrasonic acoustic vibrations to workpieces being held together under pressure. Metals Joined: Thin sheet metals, wires. Typical Use: Electrical wiring, medical devices

Process Description: Uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld. Metals Joined: Stainless steel, aluminum, magnesium. Typical Use: Aerospace, thin workpieces

Process Description: Uses fuel gases and oxygen to weld and cut metals. Metals Joined: Mild steel, cast iron, aluminum. Typical Use: Repair work, pipe and tube joining

Process Description: Uses consumable electrode coated in flux to lay the weld. Metals Joined: Steel, stainless steel, cast iron. Typical Use: Construction, industrial fabrication

Process Description: Uses a plasma gas to transfer an electric arc to the workpiece. Metals Joined: Stainless steel, titanium, aluminum. Typical Use: Aerospace, electronics

Process Description: Uses a continuous solid wire electrode fed through a welding gun. Metals Joined: Aluminum, stainless steel, mild steel. Typical Use: Automotive repair, general fabrication

Process Description: Uses mechanical friction to heat and join materials under pressure. Metals Joined: Same or dissimilar metals like aluminum to steel. Typical Use: Automotive components, hydraulic piston rods