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Balance is the distribution of visual weight within a design. An example is a symmetrical sofa that has equal visual weight on both sides.

Unity is the coherence of a design, creating a sense of completeness. An example is a kitchen appliance set with a consistent color and style.

Hierarchy is the arrangement of elements to signify importance. For instance, larger buttons for primary functions on a remote control indicate their importance.

Contrast refers to the arrangement of opposite elements to create visual interest. For example, a black and white clock highlights the time effectively.

Alignment is the placement of elements so they line up. In an example, text is aligned to the left margin on a webpage for neatness and readability.

Rhythm is the repetition or alternation of elements to create movement. For example, a series of lights along a path that are evenly spaced can guide the eye.

Emphasis is the strategy of making a focal point stand out. For example, a bright red button on a camera draws attention to that function.

Variety is the use of several design elements to create interest. For example, an eclectic mix of furniture styles in a room can add character.

Proportion refers to the size relationship between components of a design. A well-proportioned chair maintains a comfortable relationship between the seat and backrest.