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Pioneer of political economy and the idea that self-interest guides the most efficient use of resources.

Promoted shareholder theory which posits that a company's primary responsibility is to its shareholders.

Criticized the exploitation of the working class and aimed for a classless society, influencing business ethics debates on labor relations.

Introduced the concept of 'management by objectives' and emphasized the importance of business ethics and corporate social responsibility.

Developed the 'Theory of Justice' which includes the principle that inequalities should benefit the least advantaged members of society.

Proposed the 'Entitlement Theory' which contends that individuals are entitled to their holdings as long as they have been acquired fairly.

Argued for the 'Categorical Imperative', which states that individuals must act according to principles that could be universally applied.

His virtue ethics emphasized achieving virtue through moderation and the concept of attaining the 'golden mean'.

Developed Utilitarianism which proposes that the ethical decision is the one that provides the greatest good for the greatest number.

Founder of modern Utilitarianism, believed in assessing business actions based on the maximization of overall happiness.

Combined Christian theology with Aristotelian philosophy, supporting the notion that business should be conducted ethically as a part of God's plan.

Introduced the 'Ethic of Care' which emphasizes the importance of relationships in moral reasoning, impacting views on corporate responsibility.

Proposed Stakeholder Theory, which suggests that all stakeholders have a vested interest in the financial and ethical performance of a corporation.

Critic of modern moral philosophy and has argued for virtue ethics based on community and tradition.