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Privacy and Data Protection
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PII
Personally Identifiable Information, any data that could potentially be used to identify a specific individual.
ePrivacy Directive
A directive concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector.
Encryption
The process of converting information or data into a code, especially to prevent unauthorized access.
Privacy by Design
A principle that calls for the inclusion of data protection from the onset of designing systems, rather than as an addition.
Cookie
A piece of data stored on a user’s computer by their web browser while browsing a website.
Anonymization
The process of removing personally identifiable information from data sets, so that individuals cannot be identified.
Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs)
A set of standards for how personal information should be collected, used, and protected.
Biometric Data
Personal data resulting from specific technical processing relating to physical, physiological, or behavioral characteristics of an individual.
GDPR
General Data Protection Regulation, a European Union law that mandates how companies should protect and handle personal data of EU citizens.
Data Minimization
The principle that organizations should collect, process, and store the minimum amount of data required for their purpose.
Data Protection Officer (DPO)
A role within an organization tasked with ensuring compliance with data protection regulations.
Data Portability
The principle that individuals have the right to receive their personal data in a structured, commonly used and machine-readable format.
ISO/IEC 27001
An international standard on how to manage information security.
Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)
A tool used to identify and reduce the privacy risks of a project or service.
Personal Data
Any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person ('data subject').
Data Protection by Default
A principle that states only personal data which are necessary for each specific purpose of the processing are processed by default.
Data Processor
An entity that processes personal data on behalf of a data controller.
Data Subject
An individual whose personal data is being collected, held, or processed.
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)
A U.S. federal law that protects the privacy of children under the age of 13 on the internet.
Right to be Forgotten
The right of individuals to have their personal data deleted upon their request.
Behavioral Advertising
A form of advertising which uses information collected on an individual's web browsing behavior to select which advertisements to display.
CCPA
California Consumer Privacy Act, a state statute intended to enhance privacy rights and consumer protection for residents of California, USA.
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, U.S. legislation that provides data privacy and security provisions for safeguarding medical information.
Data Controller
An entity that determines the purposes and means of processing personal data.
Data Breach
A security incident in which information is accessed without authorization.
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