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Digital Media Ethics Case Studies
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Apple vs. FBI Encryption Battle
The ethical debate focused on privacy vs. national security concerns when Apple refused to unlock a terrorist's iPhone for the FBI. The outcome was a national conversation about encryption, with the case ending after the FBI found an alternative way to access the data without Apple's help.
The Right to Be Forgotten
The 'Right to Be Forgotten' case involves the ethical issue of balancing individual privacy with the public's right to information. The outcome in the EU was the creation of a framework allowing individuals to request the removal of personal information from search engines under certain conditions.
Deepfake Videos and Misinformation
Deepfake technology posed ethical challenges by creating realistic fake videos that could spread misinformation or damage reputations. The outcome has been an ongoing debate about regulation, development of detection tools, and platforms implementing bans or labels for deepfakes.
Google Street View Privacy Concerns
Google faced ethical issues over the inadvertent collection of personal data from unsecured Wi-Fi networks while capturing Street View imagery. The outcome resulted in multiple international investigations, settlements, and changes to Google's data collection practices.
Twitter and Political Censorship
Twitter has faced ethical dilemmas over decisions to remove or label content, which some claim represent political censorship. The outcome includes public debates over free speech versus moderation, changes to content policies, and considerations for Section 230 reforms.
The Facebook–Cambridge Analytica Data Scandal
The ethical issue revolved around the unauthorized acquisition and use of Facebook users' personal data by Cambridge Analytica for political advertising. The outcome included heightened scrutiny over Facebook's data practices, multiple legal inquiries, and a significant loss of trust from the public.
Instagram's Impact on Teen Mental Health
Ethical concerns arose over Instagram's impact on the mental health of teenagers, particularly in relation to body image. As an outcome, Instagram has implemented features to address the issue like hiding 'like' counts and providing resources for those affected by negative body image.
Uber's 'God View' Privacy Invasion
Uber faced ethical backlash for the misuse of its 'God View' tool, which allowed employees to track customers without consent. The outcome involved legal action, a settlement with the FTC, and Uber revising its privacy policies and implementing better data security measures.
YouTube's Algorithm and Radicalization
YouTube's recommendation algorithm was criticized for potentially leading users down a path of radicalization by progressively suggesting more extreme content. As an outcome, YouTube adjusted its algorithm to reduce the spread of harmful content and introduced more transparency in video recommendations.
The Equifax Data Breach
Equifax's massive data breach posed ethical questions about corporate responsibility and data security. The outcome included a significant financial settlement, congressional hearings, and increased regulatory interest in improving consumer data protection.
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