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The grouping of related elements together to show their connection. In digital media, proximity helps users easily understand which elements are part of the same category or function. Example: Form labels being placed close to their respective input fields.

A design element's properties that suggest how it is to be used. In digital media, affordances help users understand an interface intuitively. Example: Underlined text in a web page indicating clickable links.

The intentional use of empty space in a design to create separation between elements and allow the user's eye to rest. In digital media, white space can enhance readability and improve user focus. Example: Adequate spacing between paragraphs on a webpage.

The arrangement and presentation of elements in a way that implies importance. In digital media, hierarchy guides users through a product’s or webpage’s content smoothly by using different font sizes, colors, and layout positions. Example: In a news app, headlines are more prominent than the article text to help users identify key stories quickly.

The placement of elements such that they line up along common rows, columns, or centers. In digital media, alignment helps create a polished, organized appearance. Example: Aligning text to a consistent left margin across a website’s content.

Designing products that are usable by people with varying abilities. In digital media, this includes considering color contrasts, font sizes, and interactive elements for users with disabilities. Example: Providing alt text for images on websites.

The ease with which a user can interact with a product or website. In digital media, usability is about creating interfaces that are effective, efficient, and satisfying. Example: Streamlining the checkout process in an e-commerce app.

The uniform application of visual elements and behaviors across the digital media. Consistency reduces the learning curve by making interfaces more intuitive. Example: Using the same navigation menu style across an entire website.

The approach of creating a website or application that automatically adjusts to the screen size and orientation of the device. In digital media, responsive design ensures usability and accessibility across different devices. Example: A website layout that changes when viewed on a mobile vs. a desktop.

The use of the same or similar elements throughout the design to create a sense of unity and consistency. In digital media, repetition can help strengthen user experience by familiarizing users with certain visual elements. Example: A website repeating the same button style for all its calls to action.

The distribution of visual weight within a design. Balance can be symmetrical or asymmetrical, contributing to a sense of stability in digital media products. Example: A website might have a large image on one side balanced with a corresponding text block on the other.