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Culinary French Phrases
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Mise en place
Setting up, refers to organizing and arranging the ingredients.
Sous vide
Under vacuum, a method of cooking food sealed in airtight plastic bags in a water bath.
Bouquet garni
A bundle of herbs, usually tied together with string, used to prepare soup, stock, and various stews.
Julienne
A culinary knife cut where the food item is cut into long thin strips, similar to matchsticks.
Chiffonade
A slicing technique in which leafy green vegetables or herbs are cut into long, thin strips.
Roux
A mixture of flour and fat cooked together used to thicken sauces.
Brigade de cuisine
A system of hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, literally meaning 'kitchen brigade'.
Mirepoix
A flavor base made from diced vegetables, usually carrots, onions, and celery.
Beurre manié
A dough, consisting of equal parts by weight of butter and flour, used to thicken soups and sauces.
Canapé
A small, prepared and usually decorative food, held in the fingers and often eaten in one bite.
Confit
A method of preserving food where it is cooked in its own fat or sugar water syrup.
Coulis
A form of thick sauce made from pureed and strained vegetables or fruits.
Déglacer
To deglaze, by adding liquid (stock, wine) to a pan to loosen and dissolve the food particles that are stuck to the bottom.
En papillote
Cooking food wrapped in paper, often parchment paper, to retain moisture and flavor.
Fond
Stock or base of a sauce, especially the juices collected from cooking meat.
Ganache
A smooth mixture of chocolate and cream, typically used for filling and glazing.
Liaison
A mixture of egg yolks and heavy cream often used to thicken sauces and soups.
Monter au beurre
To swirl or whisk in butter into a sauce just before serving to give it a glossy finish and rich taste.
Pâte à choux
A light pastry dough used to make pastries such as éclairs, profiteroles, and beignets.
Quenelle
A smoothly shaped, football-like oval of pâté or cream made by two teaspoons.
Sauté
To cook food quickly in a small amount of oil or fat, over direct heat.
Bain-marie
A water bath used to gently cook food or keep food warm.
Beurre noisette
Brown butter; butter cooked until it takes on a nutty, brown color and aroma.
Carameliser
To caramelize; to cook sugar until it liquefies and becomes a syrup ranging in color from golden to dark brown.
Découper
To carve or cut up (meat), typically used to refer to poultry or roasts.
Frappe
Chilled or iced, usually referring to cold preparation of food or drinks.
Gratin
A dish topped with a browned crust, often using breadcrumbs, grated cheese, egg and/or butter.
Hors d'oeuvre
An appetizer typically served before a meal; literally 'outside of the work'.
Jus
The natural juices released from meats during cooking.
Mariner
To marinate; soaking foods in a seasoned, often acidic, liquid before cooking.
Nappe
Refers to the consistency of a liquid, typically a sauce, that will coat the back of a spoon.
Pâtisserie
A bakery specializing in French pastries and sweets.
Réduire
To reduce, boiling down a liquid to decrease the volume and concentrate flavors.
Sommelier
A trained and knowledgeable wine professional, typically working in fine restaurants, who specializes in all facets of wine service.
Terrine
A pâté or similar mixture of ground meat and seasonings, cooked in a pottery container.
Velouté
A smooth, velvety soup or sauce made from a roux and a light stock.
Chapeau
A lid or cover, often referred to in situations where a lid is placed on a sauté pan or pot.
Dresser
To plate or arrange food on a dish in a careful, pleasing manner.
Escalope
A thin slice of meat, especially veal, often coated with bread crumbs and sautéed.
Fumet
A strong, flavorful stock, especially fish stock, used as a base for soups, sauces, and stews.
Poêlé
To cook with a small amount of fat in a pan over a moderate heat; a technique similar to sautéing.
Quiche
A savory tart made with pastry crust filled with custard, cheese, meat, seafood, or vegetables.
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