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Food Costing Basics

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Sales Mix

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The relative frequency or quantities in which different menu items are sold.

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Break-even Point

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The point at which total sales equal total costs, resulting in no profit or loss.

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Yield Percentage

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The amount of product that is usable after preparation, expressed as a percentage of the original amount.

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Cross-Utilization

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The practice of using the same ingredient in multiple menu items to reduce waste and costs.

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Food Cost Formula

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A calculation to determine the cost of ingredients used in a dish or recipe:

FoodCost=BeginningInventory+PurchasesEndingInventoryFood Cost = Beginning Inventory + Purchases - Ending Inventory

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Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)

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The total cost of all ingredients that were used to make the items sold to customers.

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Food Cost Percentage

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The ratio of ingredient cost to income from sales, represented as a percentage.

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Contribution Margin

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The amount remaining from sales after variable costs are subtracted.

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Prime Cost

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The sum of labor costs and COGS, a key indicator of total variable costs.

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Inventory Turnover Rate

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A measure of how quickly inventory is sold and replaced over a certain period.

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Direct Labor Cost

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The cost of labor directly involved in the production of food items.

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Edible Portion Cost (EPC)

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The cost of a food item after it has been processed and is ready to eat.

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Portion Control

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The practice of regulating the amount of food served per dish, affecting cost and consistency.

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Waste Percentage

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The percentage of food purchased that is not sold to the customer, often due to spoilage or preparation loss.

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Variance Analysis

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The process of comparing actual costs to expected costs to find differences that need investigation.

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Recipe Costing

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The process of determining the total cost to produce a recipe, including all ingredients and portions.

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As Purchased Cost (APC)

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The cost of the food before any trimming or waste is considered.

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Gross Profit

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The profit a company makes after deducting the costs associated with making and selling its products.

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Menu Engineering

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The study of the profitability and popularity of menu items and how these two factors influence menu design.

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Theoretical Food Cost

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The food cost calculated by assuming no waste, theft, or inefficiency in the kitchen.

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