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A vessel in which a chemical process is carried out which involves organisms or biochemically active substances. Significance: Key equipment for running bioprocesses such as fermentation or enzyme reactions.

The degree and rate at which an administered drug is absorbed by the body's circulatory system. Significance: Critical for drug design and efficacy.

The ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application. Significance: Essential for the safe and effective use of medical devices that interact with biological systems.

The practice of optimizing genetic and regulatory processes within cells to increase the cells' production of a certain substance. Significance: Key tool for improving yields in bioproduction.

A technique for separating mixtures into their components based on differential adsorption. Significance: Widely used in downstream processing for purification of biomolecules.

Antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. Significance: Vital for therapy and diagnosis of diseases, as well as in biochemical research.

The process of eliminating all forms of life, including transmissible agents, from a fluid or surface. Significance: Essential for maintaining sterility in bioprocesses to ensure product safety.

The physical process by which a protein chain acquires its native 3-dimensional structure. Significance: Crucial for protein function and stability; misfolding can lead to diseases.

The process of increasing the size or volume of the production of a biotechnological product or process. Significance: Critical for the transition from lab-scale research to commercial production.

A process in which the feed to the process is introduced as a single charge. Significance: Commonly used in fermentation, allowing for straightforward operation and control.

The recovery and purification of biosynthetic products. Significance: Critical for obtaining a pure product from a biotechnological process.

The amount of living matter in a given habitat, expressed either as the weight of organisms per unit area or as the volume of organisms per unit volume of habitat. Significance: In biochemical engineering, it's used to denote cell concentration in bioprocesses.

The methods employed to enhance the properties of microorganisms to increase their industrial usefulness. Significance: Leads to higher production yields and robustness of the organisms used in bioprocesses.

The process of making copies of a specific gene, allowing for more detailed study and various applications. Significance: Fundamental technique for genetic engineering and recombinant protein production.

The study of how enzymes bind to substrates and turn them into products. Significance: Essential for understanding and optimizing biocatalytic processes.

The process of separating biological molecules from a mixture, based on differences in their physical or chemical properties. Significance: A crucial step in the purification of biological products.

The stage in manufacturing of biotechnology products up to the point of the end of the synthetic process—the preparation of the product before it is purified. Significance: Essential for the creation of a suitable environment for effective fermentation or cell culture.

A system for designing, analyzing, and controlling manufacturing through timely measurements of critical quality and performance attributes. Significance: Enhances understanding and control of the manufacturing process, contributing to quality assurance.

A metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes. Significance: Used for production of pharmaceuticals, alcohol, and dairy products.

A biological molecule, usually an enzyme or a whole cell, that catalyzes a chemical reaction. Significance: Biocatalysts are used in biochemical engineering to produce chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels.

The processes used to isolate and purify the desired product from the rest of the culture. Significance: An essential step of the downstream process to obtain a high purity product for pharmaceutical and industrial use.

A semi-continuous process where substrates are added to the bioreactor during the fermentation process. Significance: Allows for better control over nutrient concentrations and can improve product yields.

The process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Significance: Crucial for the production of biologics, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.

A process that is continuous in time; in a reactor, materials are continuously fed in and output. Significance: Can lead to higher productivity and steady-state operation in bioprocessing.