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Pharmaceutical Engineering Basics

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Pharmacokinetics

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The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs, crucial for determining dosages and drug delivery methods.

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GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices)

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Regulations that ensure products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards, critical for pharmaceutical manufacturing.

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Bioreactor

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A vessel in which biological reactions are carried out, especially for culturing organisms that produce pharmaceuticals.

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Drug Delivery System

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The method or process of administering a pharmaceutical compound to achieve a therapeutic effect in humans or animals.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

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A laboratory technique used to amplify DNA sequences, important in genetic drug development and diagnostic testing.

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Nanotechnology

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The manipulation and control of matter at the nanoscale, promising new drug delivery methods and treatments in pharmaceutical engineering.

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Bioavailability

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The proportion of a drug that enters circulation when introduced into the body and is able to have an active effect.

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Chromatography

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A technique for separating chemical substances based on differences in their movement through a material, essential for drug purity testing.

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Dosage Form

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The physical form in which a drug is produced and administered, such as tablets, capsules, or injections, influencing drug delivery and action.

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API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient)

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The substance in a pharmaceutical drug that is biologically active, primarily responsible for the drug's desired effects.

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Sterilization

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The process of eliminating all microbial life, including spores, from a surface or product, essential for ensuring safety in pharmaceutical products.

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Clean Room

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A controlled environment with a low level of pollutants, used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals to prevent contamination.

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Pharmacodynamics

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The study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body, explaining how a drug exerts its effects.

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Granulation

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The process of forming grains or granules from a powdery substance, improving the flow of powder mix during tablet manufacturing.

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Tableting

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The process of compacting powder into tablets that can be swallowed, ensuring consistent dosage and drug stability.

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Lyophilization

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A freeze-drying process that removes water from a product, preserving the stability and prolonging the shelf life of pharmaceuticals.

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Molecular Docking

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A computational method that predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to a second, aiding drug design and discovery.

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Unit Operations

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Basic steps in a process, such as distillation, filtration, or crystallization, used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals.

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Continuous Process

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A manufacturing method where input materials are continuously fed and products are continuously taken out, increasing efficiency in pharmaceutical production.

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FDA Approval

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The authorization granted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for a new pharmaceutical to be marketed, ensuring drug safety and efficacy.

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Validation

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The process of proving that any procedure, process, equipment, material, activity or system leads to the expected and consistent results, crucial in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

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Scale-Up

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The process of increasing batch size or processing volume from laboratory to production scale, a critical step in drug development.

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Batch Process

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A method of manufacturing where the product is created in stages with intermittent testing, common in pharmaceutical production.

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HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography)

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A technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture, vital for ensuring the purity and potency of pharmaceuticals.

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Flow Cytometry

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A technique used to detect and measure physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.

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