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Pharmaceutical Engineering Basics
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Pharmacokinetics
The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs, crucial for determining dosages and drug delivery methods.
GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices)
Regulations that ensure products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards, critical for pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Bioreactor
A vessel in which biological reactions are carried out, especially for culturing organisms that produce pharmaceuticals.
Drug Delivery System
The method or process of administering a pharmaceutical compound to achieve a therapeutic effect in humans or animals.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
A laboratory technique used to amplify DNA sequences, important in genetic drug development and diagnostic testing.
Nanotechnology
The manipulation and control of matter at the nanoscale, promising new drug delivery methods and treatments in pharmaceutical engineering.
Bioavailability
The proportion of a drug that enters circulation when introduced into the body and is able to have an active effect.
Chromatography
A technique for separating chemical substances based on differences in their movement through a material, essential for drug purity testing.
Dosage Form
The physical form in which a drug is produced and administered, such as tablets, capsules, or injections, influencing drug delivery and action.
API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient)
The substance in a pharmaceutical drug that is biologically active, primarily responsible for the drug's desired effects.
Sterilization
The process of eliminating all microbial life, including spores, from a surface or product, essential for ensuring safety in pharmaceutical products.
Clean Room
A controlled environment with a low level of pollutants, used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals to prevent contamination.
Pharmacodynamics
The study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body, explaining how a drug exerts its effects.
Granulation
The process of forming grains or granules from a powdery substance, improving the flow of powder mix during tablet manufacturing.
Tableting
The process of compacting powder into tablets that can be swallowed, ensuring consistent dosage and drug stability.
Lyophilization
A freeze-drying process that removes water from a product, preserving the stability and prolonging the shelf life of pharmaceuticals.
Molecular Docking
A computational method that predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to a second, aiding drug design and discovery.
Unit Operations
Basic steps in a process, such as distillation, filtration, or crystallization, used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals.
Continuous Process
A manufacturing method where input materials are continuously fed and products are continuously taken out, increasing efficiency in pharmaceutical production.
FDA Approval
The authorization granted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for a new pharmaceutical to be marketed, ensuring drug safety and efficacy.
Validation
The process of proving that any procedure, process, equipment, material, activity or system leads to the expected and consistent results, crucial in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Scale-Up
The process of increasing batch size or processing volume from laboratory to production scale, a critical step in drug development.
Batch Process
A method of manufacturing where the product is created in stages with intermittent testing, common in pharmaceutical production.
HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography)
A technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture, vital for ensuring the purity and potency of pharmaceuticals.
Flow Cytometry
A technique used to detect and measure physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.
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