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Chemical Bonds and Interactions

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van der Waals Forces

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A set of weak interactions that include dipole-dipole interactions, London dispersion forces, and dipole-induced dipole interactions.

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Hydrogen Bond

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A weak bond between two molecules resulting from an attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.

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London Dispersion Forces

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A temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.

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Pi Bond

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A covalent bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of atomic orbitals, present in double and triple bonds along with sigma bonds.

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Covalent Crystal

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A solid structure where the atoms are connected by covalent bonds in a lattice or network, rather than by intermolecular forces.

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Covalent Bond

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A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.

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Dipole-Dipole Interaction

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An attractive force between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.

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Ionic Crystal

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A solid consisting of positively and negatively charged ions held together by electrostatic forces.

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Coordinate Covalent Bond

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A type of covalent bond where both electrons shared in the bond come from the same atom.

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Metallic Crystal

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A solid composed of metal cations surrounded by a sea of delocalized valence electrons that glue the ions together.

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Molecular Crystal

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A solid consisting of molecules held together by intermolecular forces like van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, or dipole-dipole interactions.

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Metallic Bond

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A bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them.

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Ionic Bond

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A type of chemical bond where one atom donates an electron to another, resulting in two ions of opposite charges attracting each other.

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Sigma Bond

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A covalent bond formed by the head-to-head overlap of atomic orbitals, forming a bond that allows for free rotation around the bond axis.

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Dipole-Induced Dipole Interaction

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The attraction between a polar molecule with a permanent dipole and a nonpolar molecule that develops a temporary dipole in response.

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