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An electric current that periodically reverses direction, unlike direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction.

The number of cycles per unit time in an AC signal, measured in hertz (Hz).

The time taken for one complete cycle of an AC waveform, measured in seconds.

The maximum value of the voltage or current in an AC signal.

The effective value of an AC current or voltage, equivalent to the DC value that would produce the same power.

The total opposition that a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current, including both resistance and reactance, measured in ohms ($\Omega$).

The opposition that a capacitor presents to a change in voltage, decreasing as the frequency increases.

The opposition that an inductor presents to a change in current, increasing as the frequency increases.

The measure of how much one waveform is ahead of or behind another, measured in degrees or radians.

The condition that occurs when the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance are equal and cancel each other out, causing a maximum current.

The ratio of the real power flowing to the load to the apparent power in the circuit, a measure of the effectiveness of power usage.

The average power actually used or dissipated in an AC circuit, measured in watts (W).

The product of the RMS values of voltage and current, representing the total power in the AC circuit, measured in volt-amperes (VA).

The power in an AC circuit that oscillates back and forth between the source and the reactive components, measured in reactive volt-amperes (VAR).