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Power Electronics: Converters, Inverters, and Rectifiers

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Thyristor Rectifier

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A rectifier circuit that uses thyristors (silicon-controlled rectifiers, SCRs) instead of diodes. Capable of controlling the output DC voltage by adjusting firing angles of the SCRs.

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Diode Rectifier

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An electrical device that converts AC to DC by allowing current to flow in only one direction using semiconductor diodes.

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Single-Phase Inverter

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Converts DC power into AC power using a switching circuit that generates a square, sinusoidal, or pseudo-sinusoidal waveform.

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Three-Phase Inverter

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Converts DC power to three-phase AC power, typically for industrial use or grid-tied applications. Involves three pairs of switches that are controlled to create three sinusoidal voltages that are 120 degrees out of phase.

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Multi-Level Inverter

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An inverter that can output voltage levels in multiple steps. The output waveform is closer to a true sine wave compared to traditional two-level inverters, reducing harmonic distortion and improving power quality.

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Buck Converter

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A DC-DC converter that steps down voltage from its input to its output. It functions using a semiconductor switching transistor and a diode, along with an inductor and capacitor for filtering.

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Boost Converter

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A DC-DC converter that steps up voltage from its input to output. It operates by storing energy in an inductor and releasing it at a higher voltage.

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Full-Bridge Converter

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A DC-DC converter that uses four switches (typically transistors) in an H-bridge configuration to produce a voltage that can be of higher or lower magnitude, and possibly of opposite polarity to the input.

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Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS)

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Converts electrical power using switching regulators for efficiency. It transfers small amounts of energy using a semiconductor switch and storage components (inductors/capacitors) intermittently at high frequency.

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Buck-Boost Converter

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Combines the functions of buck and boost converters to either step up or step down the input voltage as required. It uses an inductor, transistor, diode, and capacitor.

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