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The process by which a robot senses that it has contacted or is about to contact another object; very important for preventing damage and ensuring operator safety.

A mathematical process to determine the necessary joint configurations to place the end-effector at a desired location; fundamental for precise robot manipulation.

A subset of artificial intelligence that involves the use of algorithms and statistical models to enable robots to improve their performance on a task from experience; vital for adaptability and autonomy.

Devices that detect events or changes in the environment and send the information to the robot's controller; essential for robot's interaction with its environment.

The device at the end of a robotic arm, designed to interact with the environment; the equivalent of a human's hand.

A control loop feedback mechanism widely used in robotics that employs proportional, integral, and derivative terms to control a process; essential for stable and responsive control.

A sensor technology that measures distance by illuminating the target with laser light and measuring the reflected pulses; pivotal for mapping and localization in robots.

A process or set of rules followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations; algorithms in robotics are critical for autonomous decision-making.

The remote control and operation of a robot, typically by a human operator; an essential aspect of robotics in hazardous environments.

A type of motor that provides precise control of angular or linear position, velocity, and acceleration; crucial for precise movements in robots.

The calculation of the position and orientation of the end-effector from the joint angles and link lengths of the robot; important for understanding how a robot's movement translates to its end tool.

Sensors that measure or maintain orientation based on the principles of angular momentum; critical for balancing and navigation tasks.

A compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in a robotics system; it's the brains of many robots.

The component of a robot that converts the controller's instructions into movement; effectively the 'muscles' of the robot.