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Industrial Automation Basics

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Sensor Fusion

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The process of combining data from multiple sensors to produce more accurate, reliable, and contextual information than any individual sensor could on its own.

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Human Machine Interface (HMI)

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The user interface in a manufacturing or process control system that presents process data to a human operator and through which the human operator controls the process.

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Industrial Ethernet

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A use of Ethernet in an industrial environment with protocols that provide determinism and real-time control. Protocols used may include EtherCAT, PROFINET, and others.

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Safety Controller

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A specialized PLC or control system that is designed to handle safety-rated tasks in an automation system, effectively enabling machines to protect operators and equipment.

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Distributed Control System (DCS)

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A system for controlling complex, large-scale industrial processes or facilities by using a distributed control concept wherein control systems are distributed throughout the system.

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Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

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A digital computer used for automation of industrial processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines.

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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

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A control system architecture comprising computers, networked data communications, and graphical user interfaces for high-level process supervisory management, while also allowing direct control and monitoring of processes.

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Motion Controller

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A device that controls the movement of machinery in an automation system, coordinating the motion of axes to perform complex tasks.

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Actuator

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A type of motor responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system in automation, typically by converting electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic energy into motion.

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Sensor

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A device that detects events or changes in its environment and sends the information to other electronics, frequently a computer processor.

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Relay

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An electrically operated switch which uses an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, typically to control a high power circuit with a low power signal.

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Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)

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A power electronics device that controls the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the input frequency and voltage.

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