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Human Factors and Ergonomics

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Fitts's Law

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Fitts's Law is a predictive model that quantifies the time required to move to and select a target area. It's applied in design to optimize layout and the size of buttons and controls for efficiency. The law is represented by the equation

T=a+blog2(1+DW) T = a + b \log_2(1 + \frac{D}{W})
where TT is the time to acquire the target, DD is the distance to the target, and WW is the width of the target.

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Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

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HCI involves the study, planning, and design of the interaction between people and computers. Good HCI design enhances the user experience by making computer systems more user-friendly and accessible.

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Participatory Design

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Participatory design is an approach that actively involves all stakeholders (especially end users) in the design process to ensure the result meets their needs and is usable. This process includes workshops, user testing, and feedback cycles.

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Usability

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Usability is the ease with which a user can interact with a product or system. Design for usability involves creating intuitive interfaces and controls that can be learned and used without unnecessary effort.

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Ergonomics

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Ergonomics is the science of designing products, systems, and environments to enhance user performance and well-being. In design, it involves considering the interactions between users and other elements of a system to improve comfort, efficiency, and safety.

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Anthropometry

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Anthropometry refers to the measurement of the human body to inform product and environmental design. It's used to create workspaces, furniture, and clothing that fit the intended user population.

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Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)

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RSI is a condition caused by repetitive motions or prolonged static positions. Ergonomic design aims to minimize the risk of RSI through adjustable furniture, ergonomic tools, and regular breaks.

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Human Error

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Human error is an unintended action or decision resulting from misjudgment or inattention. To reduce human error, designs should be user-centered, providing clear feedback and fail-safes.

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Visual Ergonomics

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Visual ergonomics involves designing interfaces and environments that promote comfortable and efficient visual perception. This includes considering screen placement, lighting, font size, and contrast to minimize eye strain and improve readability.

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Cognitive Load

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Cognitive load refers to the amount of mental processing power needed to use a system. Designers aim to reduce cognitive load by creating products that are simple to understand and operate.

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Workstation Design

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Workstation design focuses on creating a work environment that is comfortable, safe, and productive. Ergonomic considerations include adjustable furniture, proper lighting, and equipment layout.

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Situational Awareness

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Situational awareness is the perception of environmental elements and events concerning time or space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their future status. Enhancing situational awareness in design can be done by providing clear information displays and controls.

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