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The science of eliminating wastefulness, resulting from using unnecessary, ill-directed, and inefficient motions, by systematically studying the motions involved in performing a task to develop the most efficient sequence of movements.

The total time from the beginning to the end of a process, procedure, or cycle of a machine operation, which includes loading and unloading time, processing time, and sometimes idle time.

A work measurement technique for recording the times of performing a certain specific task or its elements carried out under specific conditions and analyzing the data so as to obtain the time necessary for an operator to carry it out at a defined rate of performance.

The process of observing and recording the time it takes a worker to perform a task and then multiplying it by a performance factor to reflect the worker's speed relative to a normal pace.

A statistical technique used in the field of industrial engineering to estimate the proportion of time that a worker or machine spends on various activities and to identify the proportion of time spent on non-productive activities.

The amount of time allowed for a qualified worker to perform a given task, accounting for fatigue, delays, and other contingencies.