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Approach to problem solving that employs a practical method not guaranteed to be optimal but sufficient for reaching an immediate, short-term goal or approximation. Commonly used for complex optimization problems.

A technique to model the operation of a system or process through the use of a computer program that runs a model of the system to study its behavior over time.

Algorithms used to solve problems related to flows in networks. It determines the optimal path and flow through a network that leads to the desired outcome such as the maximum flow or lowest cost.

A mathematical study of waiting lines or queues. This theory can help predict queue lengths and waiting times, which is useful for designing more efficient queue systems.

A method for solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems. It is applicable to problems exhibiting the properties of overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure.

A mathematical method for determining a way to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a given mathematical model for some list of requirements represented as linear relationships.

An algorithmic method to solve optimization problems. It systematically enumerates candidate solutions by means of a state space search: the set of candidate solutions is thought of as forming a rooted tree.