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A lean manufacturing tool used for analyzing the current state and designing a future state for the series of events that take a product from its beginning through to the customer. It helps identify waste and streamline production.

The systematic study of the human motions used to perform an operation, with the aim of improving work efficiency by eliminating unnecessary movements. It's often used in assembly line work.

A method used to determine the time taken by a qualified worker to perform a task at a defined level of performance. It's used to establish standard times for work processes.

The study of how people interact with their work environment, with the goal of improving comfort, efficiency, safety, and productivity. Used in workplace design and product design.

A statistical technique that estimates how much time is spent on different work elements, based on random samples of worker activities. It's typically used when it's impractical to perform continuous observations.

The process of assigning tasks to workstations so that all have approximately equal time requirements. It's used to reduce waiting times and bottlenecks, maximizing production efficiency.

A graphical representation that details all the steps involved in a process, showing how tasks, materials, and information flow through various operations. It's used for process analysis and redesign.

The process of designing and arranging the physical configuration of departments, workstations, equipment, and services within a facility to optimize performance. It's used in factory setups and office environments.

The systematic recording and critical examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work, as a means of developing and applying easier and more effective methods. It's used in process improvement.