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HVAC Basics
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Chiller
A system that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle.
Condenser Coil
Located in the outdoor unit, it expels heat from the refrigerant into the outdoor air.
Thermostat
A device that monitors and regulates the temperature of a space by controlling HVAC functions.
Heat Pump
A device capable of heating and cooling a space by reversing the refrigeration cycle.
Compressor
The compressor raises the refrigerant's pressure and temperature, propelling it through the HVAC system.
Expansion Valve
Reduces the pressure of the refrigerant, allowing it to cool and absorb heat once it reaches the evaporator coil.
Dehumidifier
Removes excess moisture from the air to maintain comfortable humidity levels.
Refrigerant
A chemical compound that transitions between liquid and gas states to facilitate heat absorption and release.
Plenum
A space used for air distribution that can be part of the ductwork or the space above a drop ceiling.
Cooling Tower
Expels waste heat to the atmosphere by cooling a water stream to a lower temperature.
Damper
Regulates air flow in ductwork, can control the mix of fresh outdoor air with recirculated indoor air.
Economizer
Reduces HVAC energy consumption by allowing for the use of outside air for cooling when appropriate.
Air Handler
The component that moves conditioned air throughout the ductwork of a building.
Zone Control
Allows for the customized temperature control of different areas (zones) in a building.
BTU (British Thermal Unit)
A unit of heat defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
Humidifier
Adds moisture to the air within a building to maintain comfortable humidity levels.
Ductwork
A network of tubes that distributes conditioned air from the HVAC system throughout a building.
Evaporator Coil
Inside the air handler, it absorbs heat from air passing over it, cooling the air indoors.
Filter
Cleans the air passing through the HVAC system by trapping dust, pollen, and other particles.
SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio)
A measure of air conditioning and heat pump cooling efficiency, calculated as the ratio of cooling output to electrical energy input over a range of temperatures.
Blower Motor
Drives the fan that circulates air through the air handler and the rest of the HVAC system.
Supply and Return Vents
Allow for the distribution of conditioned air to different spaces and the return of air to the HVAC system.
Air Balance
The process of testing and adjusting the HVAC system to deliver the right amount of air to each space.
VAV Box (Variable Air Volume Box)
A device that controls the volume of air flowing to a space, regulating temperature.
AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency)
A measure of a gas furnace's efficiency in converting fuel to energy, with a higher AFUE percentage indicating greater efficiency.
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