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HVAC Basics

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Chiller

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A system that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle.

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Condenser Coil

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Located in the outdoor unit, it expels heat from the refrigerant into the outdoor air.

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Thermostat

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A device that monitors and regulates the temperature of a space by controlling HVAC functions.

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Heat Pump

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A device capable of heating and cooling a space by reversing the refrigeration cycle.

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Compressor

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The compressor raises the refrigerant's pressure and temperature, propelling it through the HVAC system.

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Expansion Valve

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Reduces the pressure of the refrigerant, allowing it to cool and absorb heat once it reaches the evaporator coil.

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Dehumidifier

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Removes excess moisture from the air to maintain comfortable humidity levels.

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Refrigerant

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A chemical compound that transitions between liquid and gas states to facilitate heat absorption and release.

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Plenum

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A space used for air distribution that can be part of the ductwork or the space above a drop ceiling.

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Cooling Tower

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Expels waste heat to the atmosphere by cooling a water stream to a lower temperature.

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Damper

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Regulates air flow in ductwork, can control the mix of fresh outdoor air with recirculated indoor air.

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Economizer

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Reduces HVAC energy consumption by allowing for the use of outside air for cooling when appropriate.

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Air Handler

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The component that moves conditioned air throughout the ductwork of a building.

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Zone Control

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Allows for the customized temperature control of different areas (zones) in a building.

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BTU (British Thermal Unit)

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A unit of heat defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.

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Humidifier

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Adds moisture to the air within a building to maintain comfortable humidity levels.

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Ductwork

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A network of tubes that distributes conditioned air from the HVAC system throughout a building.

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Evaporator Coil

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Inside the air handler, it absorbs heat from air passing over it, cooling the air indoors.

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Filter

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Cleans the air passing through the HVAC system by trapping dust, pollen, and other particles.

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SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio)

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A measure of air conditioning and heat pump cooling efficiency, calculated as the ratio of cooling output to electrical energy input over a range of temperatures.

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Blower Motor

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Drives the fan that circulates air through the air handler and the rest of the HVAC system.

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Supply and Return Vents

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Allow for the distribution of conditioned air to different spaces and the return of air to the HVAC system.

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Air Balance

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The process of testing and adjusting the HVAC system to deliver the right amount of air to each space.

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VAV Box (Variable Air Volume Box)

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A device that controls the volume of air flowing to a space, regulating temperature.

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AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency)

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A measure of a gas furnace's efficiency in converting fuel to energy, with a higher AFUE percentage indicating greater efficiency.

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