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Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. It's critical in determining the direction of heat transfer and the efficiency of thermal cycles. Engineers use entropy to calculate the maximum possible efficiency of engines and refrigerators.

Quality of steam, or dryness fraction, is the proportion of vapor in a wet steam mixture. It's used to represent the steam's moisture content, which is essential for turbine efficiency and preventing turbine blade erosion in power plants.

Enthalpy is a measure of the total energy in a thermodynamic system, including internal energy and the energy required to make room for it by displacing its environment. It's typically used to assess the energy efficiency of steam cycles and to calculate work potential in power plants.

The specific volume is the volume occupied by a unit mass of a substance. It is a key property in steam tables for determining the space requirements of a system and is crucial for calculations involving changes in volume during phase change.