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Function: A boiler is a device used to generate steam by applying heat energy to water. Operating Principle: The fuel is burned in a furnace, creating hot gases which heat the water in the boiler drum to turn it into steam. This steam is then used for power generation, heating or other industrial processes.

Function: A compressor increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. Operating Principle: Gas is drawn into a confined space and the volume is decreased, which results in an increase in pressure according to the ideal gas law $PV = nRT$.

Function: A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids or slurries, or sometimes gases, by mechanical action. Operating Principle: It converts mechanical energy from a motor to energy in a fluid, often by creating a vacuum or by the action of screws, gears, or vanes.

Function: A condenser is used in thermal systems to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine into water. Operating Principle: It provides a cold reservoir through a heat exchange process so that the steam loses its energy and condenses back to its liquid state.

Function: A heat exchanger is used to transfer heat between two or more fluids at different temperatures without mixing them. Operating Principle: It exploits the thermal conductivity of materials separating the fluids to allow heat transfer from the hotter to the cooler fluid.