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Alternative Fuels and Chemicals
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Hydrogen Fuel
Application: Used in fuel cells to power electric motors in vehicles and other applications. Environmental benefit: Produces zero emissions at the point of use, with water being the only byproduct.
Methanol
Application: Utilized as a high-octane, clean-burning fuel in high-performance racing engines. Environmental benefit: It can be made from renewable sources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional fuels.
Biomass Pellets
Application: Used as a solid fuel for producing heat through combustion. Environmental benefit: Made from organic waste materials, reducing landfill use and providing a carbon-neutral source of energy.
Biodiesel
Application: Used as a renewable diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant greases. Environmental benefit: Reduces greenhouse gas emissions and the dependence on fossil fuels.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)
Application: Convert chemical energy to electricity through a process that is much more efficient than traditional combustion. Environmental benefit: Produces fewer emissions and can run on a variety of fuels, including biogas.
Ethanol
Application: Commonly used as a biofuel additive for gasoline to improve combustion. Environmental benefit: Reduces carbon monoxide and other harmful emissions when blended with gasoline.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)
Application: Powers electric vehicles and portable devices with high efficiency. Environmental benefit: Emits no pollutants when powered with pure hydrogen, contributing to air quality improvement.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Application: Commonly used as a fuel for heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. Environmental benefit: Burns more cleanly than many other fuels and has a lower carbon footprint than coal and oil.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Application: Used as a cleaner alternative to other fossil fuels for trucks, ships, and industrial use. Environmental benefit: Has lower emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides compared to heavy oil and coal.
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Application: Used as a substitute for gasoline, diesel fuel, and propane in transportation. Environmental benefit: Emits fewer undesirable gases and is considered to have lower carbon emissions than traditional fossil fuels.
Electrofuels
Application: Created through storing electrical energy in the chemical bonds of liquid or gas fuels. Environmental benefit: Can be produced using renewable electricity and CO2, potentially offering a carbon-neutral or even negative emission fuel.
Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG)
Application: Produced from the gasification of coal or biomass and can be used interchangeably with conventional natural gas. Environmental benefit: When made from biomass, it can be a more sustainable option with a lower carbon footprint.
Biogas
Application: Generated through anaerobic digestion of organic materials and used for heating, electricity, or as vehicle fuel. Environmental benefit: Helps in waste management and reduces emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, when captured and used.
Algal Fuel
Application: Produced from algae and used as a renewable source to produce biofuels like biodiesel, bioethanol, and jet fuel. Environmental benefit: Algal cultivation does not compete with food crops for land, and can help in carbon dioxide sequestration.
Cellulosic Ethanol
Application: Second-generation biofuel made from lignocellulosic biomass. Environmental benefit: Has a lower lifecycle greenhouse gas emission than traditional ethanol made from food crops.
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