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Major Air Pollutants

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Dioxins

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Source: Industrial processes, combustion of chlorinated materials. Impact: Toxic, can cause reproductive and developmental problems, cancer.

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Ammonia (NH3)

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Source: Agriculture (livestock, fertilizers). Impact: Forms particulate matter, contributes to nutrient pollution.

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Carbon Monoxide (CO)

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Source: Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Impact: Binds with hemoglobin, reducing oxygen delivery to organs.

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Lead (Pb)

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Source: Old paint, gasoline, industrial processes. Impact: Neurological effects, especially in children.

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Benzene (C6H6)

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Source: Vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions. Impact: Long-term exposure can lead to leukemia, other health issues.

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Perchloroethylene (PCE, C2Cl4)

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Source: Dry cleaning, degreasing solvents. Impact: Neurological effects, potential carcinogen.

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Phthalates

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Source: Plasticizers in PVC, cosmetics. Impact: Endocrine disruptors, may affect human reproduction.

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Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

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Source: Electrical equipment, sealants. Impact: Carcinogenic, can affect immune, nervous, and endocrine systems.

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Toluene (C7H8)

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Source: Paint thinners, gasoline, printing. Impact: Respiratory issues, neurological damage from long-term exposure.

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Asbestos

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Source: Construction materials in older buildings. Impact: Inhalation can lead to lung cancer, mesothelioma.

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Particulate Matter (PM)

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Source: Combustion, construction, natural sources. Impact: Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

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Radon (Rn)

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Source: Natural decay of uranium in soil and rocks. Impact: Lung cancer from inhalation, especially in poorly ventilated buildings.

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Nickel (Ni)

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Source: Industrial processes, combustion of residual oil. Impact: Respiratory inflammation, allergic reactions, increased risk of lung cancer.

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Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

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Source: Vehicle engines, power plants. Impact: Respiratory issues, smog formation, acid rain.

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Ozone (O3)

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Source: Reaction of sunlight with pollutants like NOx and VOCs. Impact: Causes respiratory problems, damages crops.

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Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

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Source: Burning of sulfur-containing fossil fuels. Impact: Causes respiratory problems and acid rain.

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Formaldehyde (HCHO)

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Source: Industrial processes, smoking, household products. Impact: Eye, nose, throat irritation; potential carcinogen.

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Methane (CH4)

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Source: Agriculture, waste treatment, natural gas leakage. Impact: Potent greenhouse gas, contributes to climate change.

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Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

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Source: Solvents, paints, fuels. Impact: Smog formation, health effects like headaches and organ damage.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

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Source: Incomplete combustion of organic material. Impact: Some compounds are carcinogenic and mutagenic.

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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

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Source: Refrigerants, aerosol propellants. Impact: Depletion of the ozone layer, global warming.

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Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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Source: Fossil fuel combustion, deforestation. Impact: Greenhouse gas contributing to global warming.

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Acetaldehyde (C2H4O)

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Source: Biomass burning, vehicle exhaust. Impact: Irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract; potential carcinogen.

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Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

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Source: Natural decay of organic matter, industrial processes. Impact: Poisonous at high concentrations, smells like rotten eggs.

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Mercury (Hg)

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Source: Coal burning, waste incineration, mining. Impact: Neurotoxin, bioaccumulates in marine food chains.

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