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Major Air Pollutants
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Dioxins
Source: Industrial processes, combustion of chlorinated materials. Impact: Toxic, can cause reproductive and developmental problems, cancer.
Ammonia (NH3)
Source: Agriculture (livestock, fertilizers). Impact: Forms particulate matter, contributes to nutrient pollution.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Source: Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Impact: Binds with hemoglobin, reducing oxygen delivery to organs.
Lead (Pb)
Source: Old paint, gasoline, industrial processes. Impact: Neurological effects, especially in children.
Benzene (C6H6)
Source: Vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions. Impact: Long-term exposure can lead to leukemia, other health issues.
Perchloroethylene (PCE, C2Cl4)
Source: Dry cleaning, degreasing solvents. Impact: Neurological effects, potential carcinogen.
Phthalates
Source: Plasticizers in PVC, cosmetics. Impact: Endocrine disruptors, may affect human reproduction.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Source: Electrical equipment, sealants. Impact: Carcinogenic, can affect immune, nervous, and endocrine systems.
Toluene (C7H8)
Source: Paint thinners, gasoline, printing. Impact: Respiratory issues, neurological damage from long-term exposure.
Asbestos
Source: Construction materials in older buildings. Impact: Inhalation can lead to lung cancer, mesothelioma.
Particulate Matter (PM)
Source: Combustion, construction, natural sources. Impact: Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
Radon (Rn)
Source: Natural decay of uranium in soil and rocks. Impact: Lung cancer from inhalation, especially in poorly ventilated buildings.
Nickel (Ni)
Source: Industrial processes, combustion of residual oil. Impact: Respiratory inflammation, allergic reactions, increased risk of lung cancer.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
Source: Vehicle engines, power plants. Impact: Respiratory issues, smog formation, acid rain.
Ozone (O3)
Source: Reaction of sunlight with pollutants like NOx and VOCs. Impact: Causes respiratory problems, damages crops.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Source: Burning of sulfur-containing fossil fuels. Impact: Causes respiratory problems and acid rain.
Formaldehyde (HCHO)
Source: Industrial processes, smoking, household products. Impact: Eye, nose, throat irritation; potential carcinogen.
Methane (CH4)
Source: Agriculture, waste treatment, natural gas leakage. Impact: Potent greenhouse gas, contributes to climate change.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Source: Solvents, paints, fuels. Impact: Smog formation, health effects like headaches and organ damage.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Source: Incomplete combustion of organic material. Impact: Some compounds are carcinogenic and mutagenic.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Source: Refrigerants, aerosol propellants. Impact: Depletion of the ozone layer, global warming.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Source: Fossil fuel combustion, deforestation. Impact: Greenhouse gas contributing to global warming.
Acetaldehyde (C2H4O)
Source: Biomass burning, vehicle exhaust. Impact: Irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract; potential carcinogen.
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
Source: Natural decay of organic matter, industrial processes. Impact: Poisonous at high concentrations, smells like rotten eggs.
Mercury (Hg)
Source: Coal burning, waste incineration, mining. Impact: Neurotoxin, bioaccumulates in marine food chains.
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