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Mining requires the clearing of large land areas, which destroys habitats for flora and fauna, leading to loss of biodiversity.

The removal of vegetation and excavation during mining exposes soil to the elements, causing it to be eroded away.

Mining activities can contaminate water sources with chemicals like mercury and cyanide, as well as with heavy metals and acid mine drainage.

Dust and emissions from drilling, blasting, and transport at mining sites contribute to air pollution and can affect respiratory health.

Mining operations often require large amounts of water, which can lower the water table and deplete groundwater resources.

Mining diminishes non-renewable resources, making them less available for future generations.

Mining processes produce large amounts of solid waste, including tailings, which can contain harmful chemicals and heavy metals.

Water used in mining processes is often released back into the environment at higher temperatures, affecting aquatic ecosystems.

The physical alteration of landforms through mining can lead to changes in drainage patterns and sedimentation, which impact local ecosystems.

The operation of heavy machinery, drilling, and blasting in mining creates noise pollution, which can affect both wildlife and human populations.

Mining is an energy-intensive process, leading to increased fossil fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions.

The exposure of sulphide minerals in waste rock and tailings to air and water can create acid rock drainage, which can leach toxic metals into waterways.

Mining disrupts ecosystems and habitats, leading to a decline in plant and animal species, some of which may be rare or endangered.

Local communities may suffer from the effects of mining, such as displacement, health issues, and the loss of livelihoods.