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The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where weather occurs. It contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere's mass and most of its water vapor. Temperature decreases with altitude in this layer.

This layer extends from roughly 85 to 600 km. Temperatures rise with altitude due to energy absorption from the Sun's rays, which can exceed 1000 °C. It contains the ionosphere and is the layer where the International Space Station orbits.

The mesosphere ranges from about 50 to 85 km above the Earth and experiences decreasing temperatures with increasing altitude. It is where most meteors burn up upon entry and has a lower concentration of gases.

Above the troposphere, this layer extends up to about 50 km. It has a stable temperature structure, and contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation.

While not a distinct atmospheric layer, the ozone layer is a region within the stratosphere, about 15 to 35 km above Earth. It contains a high concentration of ozone ($O_3$), which protects life by absorbing most UV-B and all UV-C radiation from the Sun.