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Adsorption: using activated carbon or other materials to bind and remove pesticides from the soil.

In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO): injecting oxidants to transform solvents into non-hazardous substances.

Constructed Wetlands: using artificial wetland systems to promote sulfate reduction through microbial activity.

Electrokinetic Remediation: applying an electric current to the soil to move charged particles like microplastics to collection points.

Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE): applying a vacuum to the soil to extract VOCs as vapors.

Bioremediation: using microorganisms to break down hydrocarbons into less harmful substances.

Soil Washing: using a washing solution to separate PAHs from soil particles.

Phytoextraction: using certain plants to absorb radioactive contaminants from the soil.

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): using processes like UV radiation and ozone to degrade pharmaceuticals into less harmful substances.

Soil Flushing: flushing the soil with water or other solutions to wash out soluble salts.

Denitrification: a microbial process that converts nitrates into nitrogen gas, which is then released into the atmosphere.

Encapsulation: covering or sealing asbestos-contaminated soil to prevent the release of fibers.

Phytoremediation: using plants to absorb, concentrate, and precipitate heavy metals from the soil.

Alkaline Chlorination: treating cyanides with chlorine and alkali to convert them into cyanates, which are less toxic.