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Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment

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Vinyl chloride

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Sources: Production of PVC plastics, industrial pollution. Effects: Increased risk of liver cancer, harm to immune and nervous systems.

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Dioxins

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Sources: Incineration, industrial chlorine bleaching. Effects: Impacts on immune system, hormone levels, cancer risk.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

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Sources: Non-stick cookware, food packaging, stain repellents. Effects: Cancer risk, cholesterol changes, immune suppression.

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DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)

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Sources: Pesticide (though largely banned). Effects: Cancer risk, reproductive harm, nervous system toxicity.

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)

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Sources: Flame retardants in furniture, electronics. Effects: Thyroid hormone disruption, neurodevelopmental issues, possible carcinogenicity.

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Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs)

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Sources: Industrial laundry detergents, cleaners. Effects: Break down into toxic compounds, potential endocrine disruptors.

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Glyphosate

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Sources: Broad-spectrum herbicide. Effects: Controversial; studies suggest potential carcinogenicity, hormonal disruption.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

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Sources: Electrical equipment, coolants, building materials. Effects: Cancer risk, immune system suppression, reproductive effects.

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Alkylphenols

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Sources: Industrial detergents, personal care products. Effects: Mimic estrogen, linked to reproductive and developmental problems.

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Lead

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Sources: Old paint, batteries, pipes. Effects: Neurological impairment, developmental delays, hypertension.

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Atrazine

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Sources: Herbicide for crops like corn. Effects: Hermaphroditism in amphibians, potential link to cancer and birth defects in humans.

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Phthalates

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Sources: PVC piping, cosmetics, plasticizers. Effects: Disrupted reproductive development, liver toxicity, potential respiratory problems.

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Organotins

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Sources: Antifouling paints, pesticides, PVC stabilizers. Effects: Immune system disruption, nervous system problems, obesity in animals.

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Hormones in Water

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Sources: Pharmaceutical runoff, agricultural waste. Effects: Interference with reproductive systems of aquatic life, uncertain implications for humans.

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Bisphenol A (BPA)

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Sources: Polycarbonate plastics, food can linings. Effects: Hormonal imbalances, reproductive problems, potential neurodevelopmental issues.

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Benzophenones

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Sources: UV filters in sunscreen, personal care products. Effects: Potential endocrine disruption, coral bleaching, aquatic toxicity.

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Perchlorate

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Sources: Rocket fuel, fireworks, bleach. Effects: Thyroid hormone disruption, leading to impaired neurodevelopment.

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Triclosan

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Sources: Antibacterial soaps, toothpaste, deodorants. Effects: Antibiotic resistance, altered hormone regulation, environmental toxicity.

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Pesticide Residues

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Sources: Residual chemicals from agricultural applications. Effects: Depends on pesticide; can include hormonal, neurological, and reproductive disturbances.

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Mercury

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Sources: Coal burning, fish consumption. Effects: Neurotoxicity, kidney damage, developmental disorders.

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