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Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment
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Vinyl chloride
Sources: Production of PVC plastics, industrial pollution. Effects: Increased risk of liver cancer, harm to immune and nervous systems.
Dioxins
Sources: Incineration, industrial chlorine bleaching. Effects: Impacts on immune system, hormone levels, cancer risk.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Sources: Non-stick cookware, food packaging, stain repellents. Effects: Cancer risk, cholesterol changes, immune suppression.
DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
Sources: Pesticide (though largely banned). Effects: Cancer risk, reproductive harm, nervous system toxicity.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
Sources: Flame retardants in furniture, electronics. Effects: Thyroid hormone disruption, neurodevelopmental issues, possible carcinogenicity.
Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs)
Sources: Industrial laundry detergents, cleaners. Effects: Break down into toxic compounds, potential endocrine disruptors.
Glyphosate
Sources: Broad-spectrum herbicide. Effects: Controversial; studies suggest potential carcinogenicity, hormonal disruption.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Sources: Electrical equipment, coolants, building materials. Effects: Cancer risk, immune system suppression, reproductive effects.
Alkylphenols
Sources: Industrial detergents, personal care products. Effects: Mimic estrogen, linked to reproductive and developmental problems.
Lead
Sources: Old paint, batteries, pipes. Effects: Neurological impairment, developmental delays, hypertension.
Atrazine
Sources: Herbicide for crops like corn. Effects: Hermaphroditism in amphibians, potential link to cancer and birth defects in humans.
Phthalates
Sources: PVC piping, cosmetics, plasticizers. Effects: Disrupted reproductive development, liver toxicity, potential respiratory problems.
Organotins
Sources: Antifouling paints, pesticides, PVC stabilizers. Effects: Immune system disruption, nervous system problems, obesity in animals.
Hormones in Water
Sources: Pharmaceutical runoff, agricultural waste. Effects: Interference with reproductive systems of aquatic life, uncertain implications for humans.
Bisphenol A (BPA)
Sources: Polycarbonate plastics, food can linings. Effects: Hormonal imbalances, reproductive problems, potential neurodevelopmental issues.
Benzophenones
Sources: UV filters in sunscreen, personal care products. Effects: Potential endocrine disruption, coral bleaching, aquatic toxicity.
Perchlorate
Sources: Rocket fuel, fireworks, bleach. Effects: Thyroid hormone disruption, leading to impaired neurodevelopment.
Triclosan
Sources: Antibacterial soaps, toothpaste, deodorants. Effects: Antibiotic resistance, altered hormone regulation, environmental toxicity.
Pesticide Residues
Sources: Residual chemicals from agricultural applications. Effects: Depends on pesticide; can include hormonal, neurological, and reproductive disturbances.
Mercury
Sources: Coal burning, fish consumption. Effects: Neurotoxicity, kidney damage, developmental disorders.
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