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Drop-in biofuels are designed to be directly compatible with existing engines and infrastructure. They reduce carbon emissions but require advanced technologies for economical production.

Cellulosic ethanol is made from lignocellulosic biomass such as wood and grasses. It does not compete with food crops, but commercial production is challenging due to complex cellulose breakdown processes.

Bio-DME is produced from biomass and can serve as a clean-burning diesel alternative or LPG blending component. It has a high cetane number and low CO2 emissions but requires new infrastructure.

HVO is a form of renewable diesel, produced by hydrogenating vegetable oils or fats. It has excellent cold performance and reduces greenhouse gas emissions but needs a reliable feedstock supply chain.

Jatropha biofuel is made from the seeds of the Jatropha plant, which can grow on marginal lands. It has a reduced impact on food production but requires significant water and nutrients.

Bioethanol is a form of ethanol produced from biomass. It's renewable and can reduce carbon emissions, but there are concerns over land use and crop displacement.

WVO can be converted into biodiesel and used in adapted diesel engines. It's an inexpensive feedstock with lifecycle carbon reductions, but its availability is limited and quality varies.

Ethanol is often mixed with gasoline to create E10 or E85 blends. It reduces greenhouse gas emissions but can lead to deforestation for crop production.

Biogas is produced from the anaerobic digestion of organic matter. It has a lower carbon footprint but requires significant land for digestion plants.

Renewable diesel is chemically similar to petrodiesel but made from renewable resources. It has a lower life-cycle carbon footprint, but production costs can be high.

Biobutanol is similar to butanol but emphasizes its biological production process. It can be a direct gasoline replacement, offering benefits like lower volatility, but production processes are complex.

Wood diesel is produced from the thermochemical conversion of woody biomass. It offers a renewable energy source with a potentially lower carbon life-cycle, but efficient conversion technologies are still in development.

Algal biofuel is derived from algae and can be converted into biodiesel or jet fuel. It's beneficial for its high yield and minimal land use, but commercial scalability is challenging.

Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils or animal fats. It can significantly reduce carbon emissions but may compete with food supply for crops.