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A structure that blocks the flow of river water to create a reservoir or raise water level for energy generation purposes.

A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

A structure that allows migratory fish to pass around barriers like dams.

The volume of water passing a point in a given period of time, it is crucial for determining hydropower potential.

A pipe or conduit that carries water from the reservoir to the turbines in a hydropower plant.

A form of hydropower that stores energy by pumping water uphill to a reservoir during periods of low demand and releasing it during high demand.

The use of flowing water to produce electrical energy.

The efficiency at which a hydropower plant converts the energy of water into mechanical energy.

A type of hydropower generation that utilizes the natural flow of a river without a large reservoir.

The ratio of the actual output of a power plant to its potential output if it could operate at full-rated capacity continuously.

A type of water turbine where jets of water hit the turbine blades creating motion.

The vertical distance between the water source and the turbine, which determines the potential energy available for hydropower generation.

The maximum electrical output a hydropower plant can produce under specific conditions.

The water flow regimes provided within a river, wetland, or coastal zone to maintain ecosystems and their benefits.

The total volume of fresh water used to produce the goods and services consumed by an individual or community.

The accumulation of sediments in reservoirs, which can reduce the capacity and efficiency of hydropower plants.

A device that converts the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy.

A water turbine that operates with both the water's pressure and velocity to create motion.

The total height difference between the water intake and the tailrace where the water reenters the watercourse.