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The use of flowing water to produce electrical energy.

A structure that blocks the flow of river water to create a reservoir or raise water level for energy generation purposes.

A device that converts the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy.

A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

The vertical distance between the water source and the turbine, which determines the potential energy available for hydropower generation.

The volume of water passing a point in a given period of time, it is crucial for determining hydropower potential.

A pipe or conduit that carries water from the reservoir to the turbines in a hydropower plant.

A type of hydropower generation that utilizes the natural flow of a river without a large reservoir.

A form of hydropower that stores energy by pumping water uphill to a reservoir during periods of low demand and releasing it during high demand.

A type of water turbine where jets of water hit the turbine blades creating motion.

A water turbine that operates with both the water's pressure and velocity to create motion.

The maximum electrical output a hydropower plant can produce under specific conditions.

The ratio of the actual output of a power plant to its potential output if it could operate at full-rated capacity continuously.

The efficiency at which a hydropower plant converts the energy of water into mechanical energy.

A structure that allows migratory fish to pass around barriers like dams.

The water flow regimes provided within a river, wetland, or coastal zone to maintain ecosystems and their benefits.

A market-based instrument that represents the property rights to the environmental, social, and other non-power attributes of renewable electricity generation.

The total volume of fresh water used to produce the goods and services consumed by an individual or community.

The accumulation of sediments in reservoirs, which can reduce the capacity and efficiency of hydropower plants.