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Solar Energy Basics
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Solar Energy
The radiant energy emitted by the sun, which can be harnessed and converted into electricity or thermal energy.
Photovoltaics (PV)
A method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect.
Solar Panel
A collection of solar cells that can convert light directly into electricity.
Solar Cell
An electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.
Direct Current (DC)
A type of electrical current that flows in one direction only, often used in photovoltaic systems before conversion to alternating current (AC).
Alternating Current (AC)
Electrical current that reverses its direction of flow in a regular pattern, typically used in households and businesses.
Solar Inverter
A device that converts the variable direct current output of a photovoltaic solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid electrical network.
Net Metering
A billing mechanism that credits solar energy system owners for the electricity they produce and add to the grid.
Intermittency
The characteristic of solar energy that makes it an inconsistent power source due to the variability of sunlight availability.
Solar Thermal Energy
A technology for harnessing solar energy for thermal energy (heat).
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
A technology which uses mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area to generate heat that can be used to produce electricity.
Grid Parity
A situation where an alternative energy can generate power at a cost and performance level equal to or less than electricity generated from conventional methods.
Solar Energy Payback Time
The amount of time it takes for a solar energy system to produce energy equivalent to the energy used to produce it, also considering financial payback through savings on energy bills.
Solar Insolation
A measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time, typically expressed in kW·h/m² per day.
Monocrystalline Solar Cell
A type of solar cell made from a single crystal structure, known for high efficiency and long lifespan.
Polycrystalline Solar Cell
A type of solar cell made from multiple crystal structures, a more cost-effective option compared to monocrystalline but with slightly lower efficiency.
Thin-Film Solar Cell
A solar cell that is made by depositing one or more thin layers of photovoltaic material on a substrate, offering a simple production process but generally lower efficiencies.
Solar Renewable Energy Certificates (SRECs)
Tradable credits that represent the green value of electricity generated from a solar electric system.
Passive Solar Design
A design approach that utilizes the natural movement of heat and air to maintain comfortable temperatures in living spaces, reducing or eliminating the need for mechanical cooling or heating.
Energy Conversion Efficiency
A measure of the ability of a solar cell or module to convert sunlight into electricity, expressed as a percentage.
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