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Solar Energy Basics

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Alternating Current (AC)

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Electrical current that reverses its direction of flow in a regular pattern, typically used in households and businesses.

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Solar Inverter

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A device that converts the variable direct current output of a photovoltaic solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid electrical network.

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Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

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A technology which uses mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area to generate heat that can be used to produce electricity.

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Solar Insolation

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A measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time, typically expressed in kW·h/m² per day.

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Solar Thermal Energy

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A technology for harnessing solar energy for thermal energy (heat).

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Solar Energy Payback Time

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The amount of time it takes for a solar energy system to produce energy equivalent to the energy used to produce it, also considering financial payback through savings on energy bills.

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Photovoltaics (PV)

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A method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect.

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Net Metering

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A billing mechanism that credits solar energy system owners for the electricity they produce and add to the grid.

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Grid Parity

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A situation where an alternative energy can generate power at a cost and performance level equal to or less than electricity generated from conventional methods.

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Direct Current (DC)

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A type of electrical current that flows in one direction only, often used in photovoltaic systems before conversion to alternating current (AC).

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Solar Energy

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The radiant energy emitted by the sun, which can be harnessed and converted into electricity or thermal energy.

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Solar Panel

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A collection of solar cells that can convert light directly into electricity.

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Solar Cell

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An electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.

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Intermittency

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The characteristic of solar energy that makes it an inconsistent power source due to the variability of sunlight availability.

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Polycrystalline Solar Cell

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A type of solar cell made from multiple crystal structures, a more cost-effective option compared to monocrystalline but with slightly lower efficiency.

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Passive Solar Design

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A design approach that utilizes the natural movement of heat and air to maintain comfortable temperatures in living spaces, reducing or eliminating the need for mechanical cooling or heating.

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Thin-Film Solar Cell

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A solar cell that is made by depositing one or more thin layers of photovoltaic material on a substrate, offering a simple production process but generally lower efficiencies.

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Monocrystalline Solar Cell

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A type of solar cell made from a single crystal structure, known for high efficiency and long lifespan.

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Energy Conversion Efficiency

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A measure of the ability of a solar cell or module to convert sunlight into electricity, expressed as a percentage.

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Solar Renewable Energy Certificates (SRECs)

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Tradable credits that represent the green value of electricity generated from a solar electric system.

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