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Biomass Energy Essentials
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Biomass
Organic material that comes from plants and animals and is used as a renewable energy source.
Bioenergy
Energy produced from biomass, often used for heating, electricity, or biofuels.
Biodiesel
A biofuel made from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled greases that can be used in diesel engines.
Cellulosic Ethanol
Ethanol produced from cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin from plant materials, which are non-food based biomass resources.
Anaerobic Digestion
The process by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen, often resulting in biogas.
Biogas
A mixture of gases (mainly methane and carbon dioxide) produced from organic waste materials, which can be used as fuel.
Biofuel
A fuel derived from biomass, intended for transport use, it includes biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas.
Thermal Conversion
The process of converting biomass into high-energy-content fuels by using heat. This includes pyrolysis, gasification, and direct combustion.
Gasification
A process that converts organic or fossil fuel-based material into syngas and carbon dioxide under high temperatures and with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam.
Pyrolysis
The thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures in an inert atmosphere, which can produce char, bio-oil, and syngas from biomass.
Photosynthesis
The biological process by which plants and some bacteria use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
Crop Residue
The remnants of agricultural crops that are left in the field after harvesting, often used as a source of biomass for energy production.
Energy Crops
Crops grown specifically for their fuel value, these include food crops like corn and sugarcane for ethanol, and non-food crops like switchgrass and willow for bioenergy.
Direct Combustion
The process of burning biomass in the presence of oxygen to produce heat and often to generate electricity.
Renewable Energy
Energy from sources that are naturally replenishing but flow-limited; they are virtually inexhaustible in duration but limited in the amount of energy that is available per unit of time.
Carbon Neutral
A term describing an activity that has a net zero carbon footprint, meaning that the carbon emitted is balanced out by an equal amount of carbon being sequestered or offset.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
The systematic analysis of the environmental impact of products throughout their entire life cycle, often used to evaluate the sustainability of biomass and other renewable energy sources.
Cofiring
The combustion of two different types of materials at the same time, often referring to the burning of biomass with coal in a power plant to reduce emissions.
Torrefaction
A thermal process to convert biomass into a coal-like material, which has better fuel properties for combustion and gasification.
Biochar
A form of charcoal produced from biomass and used as a soil amendment and for carbon sequestration, it results from the pyrolysis of organic materials.
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