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A ratio that compares the heating or cooling provided by a geothermal heat pump to the electrical energy consumed, higher COP indicates better efficiency.

A type of heat pump that uses the stable ground temperature to provide heating, cooling, and hot water for buildings.

Geothermal power plants that use high-pressure hot water from the ground, which is reduced in pressure to produce steam for turbine generation.

The minimum level of constant power that a power supply system is required to provide to the electrical grid at any given time.

An area of the Earth's crust where naturally occurring heat, water, and/or rock permeability are sufficient to allow the extraction of geothermal energy.

The secondary working fluid used in a binary cycle power plant, which possesses a lower boiling point than water to enable power generation at lower temperatures.

A type of geothermal power plant where steam extracted from geothermal reservoirs is used directly to drive a turbine.

A measure of how efficiently a heat engine converts the heat from an energy source into work or energy output.

The property of a material to conduct heat; in geothermal studies, it determines how well the subsurface materials can transmit heat.

A facility that generates electricity by harnessing heat from the Earth's interior, typically from steam or hot water.

Geothermal resources that are found in regions with current or past volcanic activity which can provide high-temperature resources for electricity generation.

The system of pipes used in geothermal heat pumps to transfer heat between the ground and the building.

The direct use of geothermal heat for thermal applications in processes such as heating buildings, growing plants in greenhouses, drying crops, and heating water at fish farms.

The heat derived from the Earth's sub-surface, used for heating, electricity generation or other applications.

Engineered reservoirs that are created to produce electricity from geothermal resources that are otherwise not economical due to low permeability or insufficient fluid quantities.

The rate of temperature increase with respect to increasing depth in the Earth's interior. It averages about 25-30 degrees Celsius per kilometer in the Earth's crust.

A geothermal power plant that transfers heat from geothermal hot water to a secondary liquid with a lower boiling point, which then vaporizes to drive a turbine.

A type of geothermal energy production that involves creating a man-made geothermal reservoir in areas of hot, dry rock by fracturing the rock and injecting water.

Underground reservoirs that contain hot water or steam, which can be tapped for geothermal energy extraction.