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The Economics of Renewable Energy
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Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)
A metric that calculates the cost of building and operating a power plant over an assumed financial life and duty cycle.
Feed-in Tariff (FiT)
A policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies by giving them priority access to the grid and setting a long-term purchase agreement for the electricity produced.
Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)
A regulation that requires the increased production of energy from renewable sources such as wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal.
Externalities
In economics, externalities are costs or benefits that affect parties who did not choose to incur that cost or benefit.
Carbon Pricing
A method to incorporate the societal cost of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the price of fossil fuels or the industries that create the emissions, often through a carbon tax or cap-and-trade system.
Net Metering
A billing mechanism that credits solar energy system owners for the electricity they add to the grid.
Energy Payback Time (EPBT)
The time required for a renewable energy system to generate the amount of energy that was consumed during production.
Grid Parity
The point at which renewable electricity can be generated at a cost that is less than or equal to the price of purchasing power from the electricity grid.
Green Bonds
Fixed-income instruments that are specifically earmarked to raise money for climate and environmental projects.
Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)
A contract between a power generator and a consumer or distributor of electric power, stating the conditions including the price and delivery of a certain amount of energy.
Elasticity of Demand for Energy
A measure of how responsive the quantity demanded of energy is to a change in price.
Marginal Cost of Electricity
The cost of producing one additional unit of electricity.
Capacity Factor
The ratio of actual energy produced by a power plant over a specific period to the theoretical maximum possible, often expressed as a percentage.
Smart Grid
An electricity supply network that uses digital communications technology to detect and react to local changes in usage.
Demand-Side Management
Initiatives and technologies that encourage consumers to modify their level and pattern of electricity usage.
Subsidies
Financial assistance provided by the government or a public body to encourage the production or consumption of a specific good or service.
Economies of Scale
The cost advantage achieved by an increased level of production, which causes the average cost per unit to fall.
Energy Transition
The process of moving from a system based on fossil fuels to one that is based on renewable energy sources.
Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)
A market-based instrument that represents the property rights to the environmental, social, and other non-power attributes of renewable energy generation.
Green Pricing
An option in some electricity markets that allows customers to support the integration of renewable energy onto the grid by paying a premium on their electric bill.
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