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Electrotherapy Parameters
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Continuous Passive Motion (CPM)
Speed: Variable, Range of Motion: Specific to joint, Application: Post-operative joint recovery
Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS)
Frequency: Variable, Pulse Duration: Variable, Application: Chronic musculoskeletal pain
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)
Frequency: 35-50 Hz, Pulse Duration: 150-200 µs, Application: Muscle strengthening
Biofeedback
Parameter: Varies, based on measured response, Application: Muscle re-education
Ultrasound Therapy
Frequency: 1-3 MHz, Intensity: 0.1-2.0 W/cm^2, Application: Tissue healing, scar tissue breakdown
Magnetic Field Therapy
Frequency: 0.5-25 Hz, Intensity: 5-80 Gauss, Application: Pain relief, edema reduction
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
Frequency: 50-100 Hz, Pulse Duration: 50-100 µs, Application: Pain relief
Interferential Current (IFC)
Frequency: 4000 Hz, Modulated to 10-150 Hz, Application: Pain management and muscle stimulation
High Voltage Pulsed Current (HVPC)
Voltage: Up to 500 V, Pulse Duration: 5-100 µs, Application: Wound healing, pain relief
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
Frequency: 20-30 Hz, Pulse Duration: 200-300 µs, Application: Functional activities
Iontophoresis
Current: 1-4 mA, Duration: 10-20 min per session, Application: Drug delivery
H-Wave Electrical Stimulation
Frequency: 1-2 Hz (low), 60-100 Hz (high), Application: Pain control, edema reduction
Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)
Frequency: 27.12 MHz, Application: Deep heating of tissues
Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS)
Frequency: 40-60 Hz, Pulse Duration: 200-500 µs, Application: Chronic pain management
Galvanic Stimulation
Current: Continuous or pulsed, Voltage: Up to 80 V, Application: Pain relief, muscle spasm reduction
Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT)
Wavelength: 600-1000 nm, Output: 5-500 mW, Application: Tissue healing, pain relief
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF)
Frequency: Varies, Intensity: Varies, Application: Fracture healing, pain reduction
Russian Stimulation
Frequency: 2500 Hz, Burst Modulated to 50 Hz, Pulse Duration: 10 ms, Application: Muscle strengthening
Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT)
Pressure: 10-100 MPa, Application: Treatment of chronic tendinopathies
Microcurrent Therapy
Frequency: 0.3-30 Hz, Current: 25-600 µA, Application: Tissue healing and pain reduction
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