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Pediatric Physical Therapy Milestones
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Flashcards
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0-2 months
Reflexive movements, beginning head control.
2-4 months
Head control established, beginning to roll.
4-6 months
Rolling over, sitting with support.
6-9 months
Sitting independently, crawling onset.
9-12 months
Pulling to stand, cruising, independent crawling.
12-15 months
Walking with help, standing alone.
15-18 months
Begins walking independently, squats to pick up toys.
18-24 months
Running, climbing stairs with handrail, kicking a ball.
2-3 years
Jumps with two feet, stands on one foot, begins to pedal tricycle.
3-4 years
Catches a bounced ball, rides a tricycle, walks up and down stairs.
4-5 years
Hops on one foot, swings, begins skipping.
5-6 years
Skips using a skipping rope, swims with assistance, independent dressing.
6-7 years
Rides a bicycle with training wheels, balances on a beam, basic gymnastic skills.
7-8 years
Rides a bicycle without training wheels, starts skateboarding, participates in sports.
8-10 years
Mastered basic sports skills, improved hand-eye coordination, dance or martial arts.
10-12 years
Complex sports skills, starts strength training, advanced swimming techniques.
12-14 years
Developing endurance, complex team sports engagement, starts puberty growth spurt.
14-16 years
Refinement of sports skills, peak height velocity, youth athletics specialization.
16-18 years
Athletic proficiency, strength training maturity, collegiate sports preparation.
Premature Infants (up to 37 weeks)
Delayed milestones, requires support for basic physiological functions.
Children with Down Syndrome
Delayed motor milestones, low muscle tone, joint hypermobility.
Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Variable motor impairments, coordination challenges, muscle spasticity or rigidity.
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Motor planning difficulties, repetitive movements, sensory processing differences.
Children with Spina Bifida
Gross motor skill impediments, lower limb paralysis, need for mobility aids.
Children with Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
Progressive muscle weakness, difficulty with ambulation, risk of contractures.
Children with Juvenile Arthritis
Joint stiffness, pain, limited range of motion.
Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Progressive muscle degeneration, Gower’s sign, reliance on mobility devices.
Children with Brachial Plexus Injuries
Unilateral upper limb weakness, impaired sensory function in the affected arm.
Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome
Hypotonia, obesity, developmental delays.
Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)
Clumsiness, poor motor coordination, delays in achieving motor skills.
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