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Pediatric Physical Therapy Milestones
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2-4 months
Head control established, beginning to roll.
4-6 months
Rolling over, sitting with support.
4-5 years
Hops on one foot, swings, begins skipping.
Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Variable motor impairments, coordination challenges, muscle spasticity or rigidity.
Children with Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
Progressive muscle weakness, difficulty with ambulation, risk of contractures.
Children with Spina Bifida
Gross motor skill impediments, lower limb paralysis, need for mobility aids.
3-4 years
Catches a bounced ball, rides a tricycle, walks up and down stairs.
7-8 years
Rides a bicycle without training wheels, starts skateboarding, participates in sports.
16-18 years
Athletic proficiency, strength training maturity, collegiate sports preparation.
12-15 months
Walking with help, standing alone.
Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Progressive muscle degeneration, Gower’s sign, reliance on mobility devices.
Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)
Clumsiness, poor motor coordination, delays in achieving motor skills.
6-9 months
Sitting independently, crawling onset.
2-3 years
Jumps with two feet, stands on one foot, begins to pedal tricycle.
5-6 years
Skips using a skipping rope, swims with assistance, independent dressing.
Children with Juvenile Arthritis
Joint stiffness, pain, limited range of motion.
Children with Brachial Plexus Injuries
Unilateral upper limb weakness, impaired sensory function in the affected arm.
18-24 months
Running, climbing stairs with handrail, kicking a ball.
8-10 years
Mastered basic sports skills, improved hand-eye coordination, dance or martial arts.
15-18 months
Begins walking independently, squats to pick up toys.
10-12 years
Complex sports skills, starts strength training, advanced swimming techniques.
14-16 years
Refinement of sports skills, peak height velocity, youth athletics specialization.
Children with Down Syndrome
Delayed motor milestones, low muscle tone, joint hypermobility.
0-2 months
Reflexive movements, beginning head control.
Premature Infants (up to 37 weeks)
Delayed milestones, requires support for basic physiological functions.
Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome
Hypotonia, obesity, developmental delays.
9-12 months
Pulling to stand, cruising, independent crawling.
6-7 years
Rides a bicycle with training wheels, balances on a beam, basic gymnastic skills.
12-14 years
Developing endurance, complex team sports engagement, starts puberty growth spurt.
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Motor planning difficulties, repetitive movements, sensory processing differences.
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