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The application of heat to the body to increase blood flow, relax muscles, and alleviate pain by increasing tissue extensibility and reducing joint stiffness.

Therapeutic massage techniques designed to relax muscles, improve circulation, and reduce soft tissue pain.

A theory that suggests that non-painful input closes the 'gates' to painful input, preventing pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system.

Hands-on techniques used by physical therapists to manipulate muscles and joints with the goal of decreasing pain, increasing range of motion, and facilitating movement.

CBT in PT helps patients to manage pain by changing patterns of thinking or behavior that contribute to their pain and developing coping strategies.

Involves inserting thin needles into trigger points within muscles to release knots and relieve muscle pain and tightness.

This method involves applying pressure to specific, often painful points on the muscles called trigger points to alleviate muscle tension and pain.

Educating patients about the biological and psychological factors that can affect pain perception to empower them with better management strategies.

A form of manual therapy that uses controlled contractions of the patient's muscles against a counterforce provided by the therapist, facilitating muscle relaxation and joint mobilization.

A technique that applies low-level lasers or light-emitting diodes to the surface of the body, which may stimulate healing processes, reduce inflammation, and alleviate pain.

A technique that involves electronic monitoring to teach patients to consciously control bodily functions, such as muscle tension, to manage pain and stress.

A technique that involves finding tender points and positioning the patient to alleviate discomfort, thereby reducing the strain and pain associated with muscle and joint dysfunction.

Although not a primary method for pain management in PT, aromatherapy uses essential oils for their potential mood-enhancing, stress-relieving, and pain-reducing properties.

This technique uses sound waves to treat musculoskeletal issues like inflammation and pain, promoting tissue healing and reducing pain through thermal and non-thermal effects.

Manual therapy technique that involves passive movement of a joint to reduce pain, improve range of motion, and facilitate movement.

This technique involves the application of stretches and movements designed to relieve neuromuscular pain by mobilizing nerves and improving neural function.

An ancient Chinese medicine technique that involves inserting needles into specific points on the body to relieve pain by promoting the release of endorphins and affecting the nervous system.

A hands-on technique that involves applying gentle sustained pressure into the myofascial connective tissue to reduce pain and restore motion.

The application of elastic therapeutic tape that slightly lifts the skin to provide pain relief and support while also reducing inflammation and facilitating natural healing processes.

Involves the application of cold temperatures to reduce inflammation, numb painful areas, and decrease nerve activity for pain relief and swelling control.

A series of physical activities designed to improve function and mobility, manage pain, and strengthen the body, which can include stretching, strengthening, and aerobic exercises.

Medical treatment involving the use of drugs to relieve pain. Physical therapists may be involved in monitoring patients' responses to medication and advising on non-pharmacological alternatives.

A non-invasive method that applies electrical currents to the skin to stimulate nerves for therapeutic purposes, often reducing acute and chronic pain by modifying pain signals before they reach the brain.

The use of water-based treatments, such as whirlpools or aquatic exercises, to reduce pain and improve function by utilizing buoyancy, resistance, and temperature.