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Dating Methods in Archaeology

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Radiocarbon Dating

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A method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon. Example: Dating ancient human remains.

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Dendrochronology

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A scientific method of dating trees based on the analysis of patterns of tree rings, also known as growth rings. Example: Dating historical wooden buildings.

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Potassium-Argon Dating

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Dating method based on the decay of isotopes of potassium into argon to date rocks older than a few thousand years. Example: Dating volcanic rock layers in archaeology and paleoanthropology.

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Uranium-Lead Dating

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A radiometric dating method that uses the decay of uranium into lead to find the age of rocks and other substances. Example: Dating zircon crystals found in sedimentary layers.

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Thermoluminescence Dating

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A dating method in which the amount of light energy released when heating crystalline materials is measured to determine the last time they were heated. Example: Dating ceramics and burnt stones.

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Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Dating

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A method that determines the time elapsed since sediment grains were last exposed to light. Example: Dating the burial age of sediments in archaeology.

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Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Dating

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Dating method used to measure trapped charge within the crystal lattice of several materials, based on unpaired electrons. Example: Dating tooth enamel or coral.

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Amino Acid Racemization

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A method used to estimate the age of biological samples by measuring the change in chirality of amino acids. Example: Age estimation of fossil bones and shells.

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Rehydroxylation (RHX) Dating

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A method used to date ceramic materials by measuring the amount of water recombined with the material over time. Example: Dating ancient pottery and bricks.

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Obsidian Hydration Dating

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A technique used to date the age of obsidian by measuring the hydration rind on the artifact's surface. Example: Dating obsidian tool artifacts.

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