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Key Archaeological Discoveries

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The Great Zimbabwe Ruins

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Significance: The largest ancient structure in sub-Saharan Africa; Date of discovery: Europe became aware in the 16th century

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Catalhoyuk

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Significance: One of the earliest cities in human history; Date of discovery: 1961

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The Tomb of Philip II of Macedon

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Significance: Provides evidence about the burial practices of the Macedonian dynasty; Date of discovery: 1977

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The Staffordshire Hoard

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Significance: Largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold and silver ever found; Date of discovery: 2009

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Rosetta Stone

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Significance: Enabled the translation of Egyptian hieroglyphs; Date of discovery: 1799

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Tutankhamun's Tomb

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Significance: Gave insight into Egyptian Pharaoh's life and death; Date of discovery: 1922

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Machu Picchu

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Significance: Exceptional example of Inca architecture; Date of discovery: 1911

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Olduvai Gorge

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Significance: Site of some of the earliest evidence of human ancestors; Date of discovery: 1959

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The Uluburun Shipwreck

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Significance: One of the oldest and richest shipwrecks ever discovered; Date of discovery: 1982

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Sutton Hoo Ship Burial

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Significance: One of the most magnificent Anglo-Saxon burials found; Date of discovery: 1939

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Chauvet Cave

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Significance: Contains some of the best-preserved figurative cave paintings in the world; Date of discovery: 1994

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King Richard III's Remains

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Significance: Confirmation of the final resting place of an English King; Date of discovery: 2012

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The Terracotta slipper sarcophagus from Cerveteri

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Significance: Provided clues to the rituals and funerary practices of the Etruscans; Date of discovery: 1847

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The Antikythera Mechanism

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Significance: An ancient analog computer used to predict astronomical positions; Date of discovery: 1901

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Göbekli Tepe

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Significance: Perhaps the world's oldest known temple; Date of discovery: 1994

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Dead Sea Scrolls

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Significance: Contains some of the oldest manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible; Date of discovery: 1947

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Lascaux Cave Paintings

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Significance: One of the finest examples of Paleolithic art; Date of discovery: 1940

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Herculaneum

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Significance: Like Pompeii, preserved by Vesuvius eruption but with better-preserved buildings; Date of discovery: 1709

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Terracotta Army

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Significance: Provides understanding of the First Emperor of China's burial practices; Date of discovery: 1974

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Pompeii

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Significance: VI, Pompeii offers detailed insight into Roman life preserved by a volcanic eruption; Date of discovery: 1748

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