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Iconic Artifacts of Ancient History

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Rosetta Stone

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A granodiorite stele inscribed with a decree issued at Memphis, Egypt in 196 BC. Key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs, significantly contributing to Egyptology.

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Tutankhamun's Mask

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A gold funerary mask of the 18th-dynasty ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Symbolizes Pharaonic power and divinity, epitomizes ancient Egyptian art.

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Elgin Marbles

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A collection of classical Greek marble sculptures, inscriptions and architectural pieces that were part of the Parthenon and other buildings on the Acropolis of Athens. Central to debate on cultural heritage restitution.

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Sutton Hoo Helmet

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An ornate Anglo-Saxon helmet found in the Sutton Hoo ship burial. Highlights the sophistication and artistry of early medieval Europe.

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Dead Sea Scrolls

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Ancient Jewish texts discovered in the Qumran Caves in the West Bank near the Dead Sea. Shed light on Judaism and the origins of Christianity.

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Terracotta Army

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Collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Demonstrates the emperor's power and the craftsmanship of ancient China.

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Venus of Willendorf

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Paleolithic figurine believed to be made around 28,000 BCE. Representative of a fertility or mother goddess, iconic of prehistoric art.

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The Mask of Agamemnon

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Gold funeral mask discovered at the ancient Greek site of Mycenae. Although attributed to Agamemnon, the dating of the mask puts this identification in doubt. Nonetheless, symbolizing Mycenaean civilization.

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Discobolus

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Ancient Greek sculpture created by Myron. Represents a discus thrower and embodies the Greek ideal of beauty and athletic perfection.

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Ark of the Covenant

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A gold-covered wooden chest with lid cover described in the Book of Exodus as containing the two stone tablets of the Ten Commandments. Important religious artifact in Abrahamic religions.

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Cyrus Cylinder

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An ancient clay cylinder inscribed in Akkadian cuneiform script. Often considered the first declaration of human rights, showing Cyrus the Great's policy on governance.

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The Bust of Caesar

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A portrait sculpture representing Julius Caesar, one of the most famous figures of ancient Rome. Signifies imperial power and legacy.

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Nefertiti Bust

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The painted stucco-coated limestone bust of the Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten. Exemplifies high artistic achievement and serves as a cultural symbol of ancient Egypt and female beauty.

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Antikythera Mechanism

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An ancient Greek analogue computer used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses for calendrical and astrological purposes. A testament to the technical capabilities of the ancient Greeks.

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The Riace Warriors

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Two full-sized Greek bronzes of naked bearded warriors, cast about 460–450 BCE. Masterpieces of classical Greek art, prized for their naturalistic detail and advanced metalwork.

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