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Evolution of Writing Systems
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Braille
Origin: France, Time Period: 19th century CE, Characteristics: Tactile writing system for the visually impaired, using raised dots
Hangul
Origin: Korea, Time Period: 15th century CE, Characteristics: Alphabet mixed with syllabic blocks, letters for individual sounds and shapes mimicking the articulator's mouth shapes
Greek Alphabet
Origin: Greece, Time Period: 9th century BCE, Characteristics: The first alphabet to have distinct letters for vowels and consonants
Chinese Characters
Origin: China, Time Period: Around 1200 BCE, Characteristics: Logographic script, each character representing a word or a meaningful part of a word
Cyrillic Alphabet
Origin: Byzantine Empire, Time Period: 9th century CE, Characteristics: Derived from Greek alphabet, used for Slavic languages
Phoenician Alphabet
Origin: Phoenicia (modern Lebanon), Time Period: Around 1050 BCE, Characteristics: Consisted of 22 consonants with no vowels, direct ancestor of many modern alphabets
Morse Code
Origin: United States, Time Period: 1830s, Characteristics: Alphabet represented by a series of dots and dashes, used for telecommunication
Hieroglyphs
Origin: Ancient Egypt, Time Period: Approximately 3200 BCE, Characteristics: Logographic and alphabetic elements, pictorial symbols
Latin Alphabet
Origin: Roman Empire, Time Period: 7th century BCE, Characteristics: Derived from the Etruscan alphabet, precursors to modern Western alphabets
Cuneiform
Origin: Ancient Mesopotamia, Time Period: Around 3400 BCE, Characteristics: Wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets
Arabic Script
Origin: Arabian Peninsula, Time Period: 4th century CE, Characteristics: Abjad script, contains 28 consonantal phonemes, written from right to left
Devanagari Script
Origin: Indian subcontinent, Time Period: Around 7th century CE, Characteristics: Abugida system, each consonant has an inherent vowel which can be changed with diacritics
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